Table 1.
Sample characteristics by race (n=56).
| Mean + SD or percent | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pooled | African-American | Caucasian | p | |
| Age a | 55.7 ± 7.2 | 54.2 ± 7.2 | 58.2 ± 6.6 | .083 |
| Female | 56.6 | 57.1 | 52.4 | .729 |
| Socioeconomic status index b | 65.2 ± 20.4 | 68.3 ± 20.8 | 59.9 ± 19.1 | .138 |
| HbA1c (baseline) | 7.87 ± 1.59 | 8.17 ± 1.71 | 7.35 ± 1.25 | .070 |
| On insulin | 55.4 | 57.1 | 40.0 | .038 |
| Diabetes duration (years) | 11.1 ± 9.6 | 10.0 ± 7.0 | 13.1 ± 13.0 | .294 |
| Two or more comorbid medical conditions c | 23.2 | 22.9 | 23.8 | .935 |
| Total number of elevated PHQ-9 scores (out of four possible) | 1.8 ± 1.3 | 1.6 ± 1.3 | 2.2 ± 1.2 | .102 |
a
Equality-of-medians test.
b
US Census Bureau Index of Socioeconomic Status adjusted for inflation and regional Consumer Price Index.
c
Considering asthma, chronic obstructive lung disease, congestive heart failure, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, arthritis associated with lupus (SLE) or scleroderma, peripheral vascular disease, cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis, coronary artery disease, thyroid disease, Addison’s disease, and Cushing’s syndrome.