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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Oct 13.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Mol Mutagen. 2009 Oct;50(8):697–707. doi: 10.1002/em.20528

Figure 1. Cyclin D-RB pathway abnormalities in Myeloma.

Figure 1

The primary genetic events involved in pathogenesis of myeloma either directly or indirectly lead to deregulated expression of one of the Cyclin D molecules. In addition, CDK inhibitor such are p16 and p18 are frequent inactivated in myeloma, the former secondary to promoter hypermethylation and the latter through genomic deletion. Although p16 is generally not expressed in myeloma where the gene is methylated or not and hence the role of p16 in myeloma pathogenesis is still unclear. In the small percentage of patients where deregulation of one of the cyclin D molecules is absent, there is usually presence of low RB1 expression. The mechanism of this loss of RB1 gene expression is unknown at present.