Table 1.

Clinical conditions studied utilizing P wave indices.

Risk Factors	Hypertension26;58;66
	Obesity5;28–30
	Diabetes27
Noninvasive measures	Diastolic indices26;31
Miscellaneous conditions	Hemodialysis38
	Hyperthyroidism39
	Rheumatoid arthritis40
	Scleroderma41
	Pregnancy42
	Obstructive sleep apnea67
Cardiovascular disease	Aortic stenosis17
	Mitral stenosis and balloon valvuloplasty35
	Secundum atrial septal defect, prior and following surgical repair36;37
	Post-Fontan procedure68
Atrial Fibrillation	Incident AF4;9;11;12;14;59
	Following pacemaker implantation64;65
	Recurrence post-cardioversion57
	Post-coronary artery bypass graft surgery24;61;62
	Post-thoracic surgery63
	Ischemia or angina32–34
	Atrioventricular nodal re-entry tachycardia and ablation13
	Accessory pathway and ablation6