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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Oct 13.
Published in final edited form as: Speech Commun. 2009 Apr 1;51(4):369–378. doi: 10.1016/j.specom.2008.11.005

Table 2.

Mean percent of judging ‘ga’ as a function of VOT.

Language contexts Effects
Stimulus
VOT (ms)		 English Spanish Group Language G × L
Bilingual
N = 15		 Monolingual
N = 15		 Bilingual
N = 15		 Monolingual
N = 15		 df = (1,28)
M(SD) % M(SD) % M(SD) % M(SD) % F F F
0 94.7 (9.9) 99.3 (2.6) 91.3 (15.1) 95.3 (10.6) 1.81 3.06 0.03
5 96.7 (6.2) 96.7 (8.2) 86.7 (19.1) 96.7 (7.2) 1.83 6.56* 6.56*
10 89.3 (13.9) 92 (10.8) 84 (25.3) 91.3 (14.1) 0.83 1.13 0.69
15 72.7 (26.6) 80 (24.8) 58.7 (27.7) 68 (26.8) 0.82 18.68* 0.11
20 40 (30.7) 62 (36.3) 29.3 (30.6) 46.7 (28.9) 3.21 12.17* 0.39
25 34 (32.2) 52 (34.1) 26.7 (27.7) 37.3 (29.6) 1.78 9.53* 1.06
30 22.7 (29.4) 29.3 (19.4) 10.7 (14.9) 26 (24.7) 2.36 3.30 1.05

Note: df = degrees of freedom; G × L = interaction between group and language.

*

.05 ≥ p ≥ .01.