Fig. 5.
The structure and suggested mechanisms of PCNTA glucose sensor with multifunctional components. PPy coating serves as a conductive support to the PCNTA. Electron transfer is facilitated by the PPy itself and the co-doped AuNPs. Correspondingly, glucose oxidase molecules co-localized with AuNPs have high electron transfer rate and therefore larger output currents than that of the enzyme molecule alone.