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(a) An optic fibre probe is positioned above a single cell. The probe is then automatically moved by a motor controller at constant velocity to compress the cell to the point of bursting. The probe is connected to a force transducer that measures the force acting on the probe as a function of time. (b) Raw data are converted to force vs. deformation data, which are then analyzed by using our finite element model to provide the wall/surface modulus and permeability.
