Table 6.
Standardized coefficients to predict time spent reading
| Ages 0–4 to 5–9 |
Ages 5–8 to 10–13 |
Ages 9–12 to 14 + |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Within time | Over time | Within time | Over time | Within time | Over time | |
| Income to needs ratio | - .00 | .00 | .12* | - .09 | .04 | - .03 |
| Parental education | - .05 | .06 | .10 | .20** | .12* | - .01 |
| Ethnicity (Black)a | - .16** | - .06 | - .04 | - .03 | - .07 | - .11** |
| Ethnicity (Hispanic)b | - .25** | - .04 | - .00 | .03 | - .03 | - .09 |
| Ethnicity (Asian)c | - .04 | - .02 | .06 | .05 | - .05 | .06 |
| Child age | .01 | .10 | .04 | - .01 | .00 | .04 |
| Child genderd | .01 | - .04 | .03 | - .04 | - .08 | - .01 |
| Neighborhood quality | - .01 | .02 | - .06 | - .16* | - .02 | - .08 |
| Number of adults | .07 | - .02 | - .02 | - .01 | - .04 | .11 |
| Parental limits | .15* | - .01 | .07 | .00 | .04 | .04 |
| Family conflict | .02 | - .00 | .07 | - .21** | - .07 | - .04 |
| Time with parents | .06 | .00 | .14* | .10 | .11 | - .05 |
| Time with television | .10 | - .11* | - .09 | - .13** | .01 | - .00 |
| Time with videogames | .03 | - .04 | - .07 | - .05 | - .05 | - .04 |
| Time with a computer | - .02 | - .06 | .05 | - .08** | .17** | - .09 |
| Time in readinge | na | .25* | na | .11* | na | .26** |
| R2 | .11** | .11** | .10** | .16** | .10** | .12** |
a
1, Black.
b
1, Hispanic.
c
1, Asian/other.
d
1, Boys.
e
1, not applicable.
*
p ≤ .05;
**
p ≤ .01.