Table 1.
Wave 1 |
Wave 2 |
||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N | M | SD | N | M | SD | t | |
Parent Report of Family Economic Stress | |||||||
Financial difficulties (M) | 403 | 1.81 | 1.03 | 319 | 1.69 | 0.89 | −1.87 |
Financial difficulties (F) | 376 | 1.81 | 0.99 | 292 | 1.72 | 0.86 | −2.00* |
Financial strain (M) | 404 | 2.68 | 1.00 | 317 | 2.77 | 1.00 | 1.31 |
Financial strain (F) | 376 | 2.67 | 0.97 | 293 | 2.84 | 0.98 | 1.98* |
Financial adjustments (M) | 407 | 1.30 | 1.56 | 330 | 1.24 | 1.54 | −0.21 |
Financial adjustments (F) | 381 | 1.30 | 1.58 | 299 | 1.27 | 1.62 | −0.78 |
Adolescent Perceptions of Family Economic Stress | |||||||
Financial difficulties | 435 | 1.69 | 0.93 | 339 | 1.68 | 0.81 | −0.31 |
Financial worry | 434 | 1.60 | 0.93 | 337 | 1.72 | 0.94 | 1.85 |
Conflict over money | 436 | 1.63 | 0.72 | 341 | 1.94 | 0.83 | 6.55*** |
Adolescent Perceptions of Financial Constraints | |||||||
Financial needs | 439 | 2.14 | 1.03 | 344 | 2.23 | 0.98 | 1.80 |
Financial wants | 438 | 2.42 | 1.18 | 344 | 2.26 | 1.01 | −2.11* |
Adolescent Depressive Symptoms | 444 | 1.64 | 0.42 | 348 | 1.71 | 0.46 | 3.28*** |
Adolescent Academic Outcomes | |||||||
Grades | 436 | 10.50 | 1.75 | 344 | 9.59 | 2.02 | −10.12*** |
School engagement | 439 | 4.16 | 0.63 | 344 | 3.89 | 0.73 | −8.86*** |
Positive attitudes about school | 439 | 3.50 | 0.82 | 343 | 3.48 | 0.74 | −0.44 |
Note. M = mother report; F = father report. Wave 1 maximum N = 444. Wave 2 maximum N = 348.
p < .05.
**p < .01.
p < .001.