Table 1.
Characteristics of 1,238 mother-child pairs in Project Viva, according to maternal glycemia during pregnancy
| Maternal glycemia in pregnancy | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normoglycemic | IGT | GDM | ||
|
N = 1,035 (85%) |
N = 152 (12%) |
N = 51 (4%) |
||
| Characteristics | Mean (s.d.) | P value* | ||
| Age (years) | 32.3 (5.1) | 33.7 (4.4) | 33.0 (4.6) | 0.003 |
| Prepregnancy BMI (kg/m2) |
24.3 (4.9) | 25.4 (5.0) | 27.7 (6.4) | <0.0001 |
| Total gestational weight gain (kg) |
15.9 (5.1) | 15.0 (5.9) | 12.2 (6.3) | <0.0001 |
| 3-year postpartum SBP (mm Hg) |
107.7 (11.1) | 109.5 (12.3) | 112.9 (15.0) | 0.002 |
| Paternal BMI (kg/m2) | 26.3 (3.9) | 26.9 (3.6) | 26.9 (3.8) | 0.18 |
|
Maternal characteristics |
N (%) | P value | ||
| Race/ethnicity | ||||
| White | 756 (73) | 113 (74) | 31 (61) | 0.32 |
| Black | 126 (12) | 16 (11) | 11 (22) | |
| Hispanic | 58 (6) | 12 (8) | 4 (8) | |
| Other | 92 (9) | 11 (7) | 5 (10) | |
| College graduate | 734 (71) | 110 (72) | 34 (67) | 0.73 |
| Annual household income ≥$70,000 |
628 (65) | 90 (62) | 30 (63) | 0.74 |
| Married/cohabiting | 961 (93) | 141 (93) | 49 (96) | 0.70 |
| Maternal smoking | ||||
| During pregnancy | 103 (10) | 13 (9) | 9 (20) | 0.29 |
| Never | 696 (69) | 103 (69) | 27 (59) | |
| Former | 211 (21) | 33 (22) | 10 (22) | |
| Maternal family history DM or GDM |
63 (7) | 17 (12) | 8 (17) | 0.003 |
| Paternal hypertension |
64 (6) | 10 (7) | 3 (6) | 0.99 |
BMI, body mass index; DM, diabetes mellitus; GDM, gestational DM; IGT, impaired glucose tolerance; SBP: systolic blood pressure.
*
P values for comparison of rates between groups based on χ2-test; P values for comparison of means based on analysis of variance.