Table 1.

Characteristics of Participants According to Quintiles of Cord Blood Leptin (N=588)

Variables	Total, Mean (SD)	Quintile of Cord Blood Leptina					Trend P
		1 (0.5–3.3)	2 (> 3.3–5.5)	3 (> 5.5–8.7)	4 (> 8.7–13.9)	5 (> 13.9–40.0)
Maternal variables
Age at enrollment, y	32.3 (5.1)	31.9	32.3	31.9	32.4	32.8	.25
Prepregnancy BMI, kg/m2	24.8 (5.4)	24.2	24.1	24.7	25.1	26.0	.003
Gestational weight gain, kg	15.7 (5.5)	15.5	15.6	15.8	16.0	15.6	.73
Paternal BMI, kg/m2	26.4 (3.8)	25.8	25.9	26.5	27.1	26.5	.03
Education,≥college degree	400 (68)b	69%	67%	64%	65%	75%	.45
Married or cohabitating	543 (93)b	87%	96%	94%	95%	91%	.43
Household income, more than $70 000	332 (61)b	65%	61%	54%	68%	56%	.45
Newborn/infant variables
Male	295 (50)b	65%	58%	52%	42%	34%	<.0001
Race/ethnicity, white	408 (69)b	69%	76%	71%	64%	66%	.16
Cord blood adiponectin,µg/mL	28.5 (6.8)	24.2	27.1	29.8	30	31.7	<.0001
Gestational age at birth, wk	39.7 (1.5)	38.9	39.7	39.7	40.1	40.1	<.0001
BW/GA, z score	0.26 (0.94)	−0.15	−0.08	0.16	0.50	0.84	<.0001
Breastfeeding duration, mo	6.2 (4.5)	6.2	5.6	6.5	5.6	7.3	.08
Child 3-y variables
Age, y	3.3 (0.4)	3.4	3.3	3.3	3.3	3.2	.002
BMI z score	0.41 (1.03)	0.42	0.32	0.52	0.53	0.24	.61
Weight-for-age z score	0.45 (0.98)	0.47	0.34	0.49	0.62	0.33	.97
Height-for-age z score	0.27 (0.94)	0.26	0.22	0.21	0.39	0.28	.44
Leg length, cm	42.0 (3.1)	42.5	41.7	42.0	42.1	41.8	.30
SS/TR ratio	0.63 (0.15)	0.62	0.62	0.64	0.64	0.64	.19
SS+TR, mm	16.7 (4.2)	16.9	16.2	16.4	17.4	16.7	.63
Leptin, ng/mL	1.7 (1.8)	1.3	1.4	1.8	1.8	2.2	.001
Adiponectin,µg/mL	22.3 (6.0)	23.3	22.9	22.5	21.0	21.4	.02

^aData are means unless otherwise specified.

^bData are n (%).