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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Oct 13.
Published in final edited form as: Brain Res. 2009 Mar 28;1293:13–23. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.03.044

Figure 3.

Figure 3

The effects of the sympathetic nervous system are mediated via release of neurotransmitters and neuropeptides from sympathetic neurons. NPY and tyrosinhydroxylase are likely to modulate NPY and/or norepinephrine (NE) release whereby NE seems to moderate the flight and fight response during stress whereas NPY contributes to dampen down the effects of NE during stress response.