Appendix.

Grouping samples into food groups

Food group	Type of sample
Starchy staples	Rice, uji (porridge), cassava, shelisheli (breadfruit), potatoes, pancake, sweet potatoes, pumpkin, cassava with plantain, cassava with tea, breadfruit with tea, potatoes in coconut milk, potatoes with plantain, maize-flour ugali (stiff maize-meal) with potatoes in coconut milk, breadfruit in coconut milk, plantain, cassava in coconut milk, and maize-flour kigali (soft maize-meal)
Purchased foods	Andazi (fried wheat dough) with tea, bread with tea, andazi with uji, biscuit with tea, bread with milk, biscuit
Starchy staples + protein source	Rice with fish, rice with beans, potatoes with fish, rice with cowmilk, maize-flour ugali with fish, maize-flour ugali with beans, cassava with beans, plantain with dagaa (whitebait), breadfruit with whitebait, maize-flour ugali, beans with fish, cassava with fish, and potatoes with octopus
Starchy staples + protein source + vegetable	Rice, cassava green leaves, and fish; rice and Mchicha (spinach) with fish stew
Starchy staples + vegetable	Rice with sweet potato greens, and maize-flour ugali with mchicha
Other	Eggs and cooked papaya