Table 4.
Major depressive disorder |
Generalized anxiety disorder |
Panic disorder |
Alcohol use disorder |
Psychological distressb |
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---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI |
Use of general medical services | ||||||||||
Frequency of meeting relativec (reference: every day) | ||||||||||
Few times per week | .74 | .56–.94* | .74 | .55–.99* | .75 | .56–1.00 | .76 | .56–1.01 | .74 | .55–.99* |
Few times per month | .60 | .44–.83** | .58 | .42–.80** | .60 | .43–.82** | .59 | .42–.81** | .59 | .42–.81** |
Once per month | .72 | .48–1.09 | .68 | .44–1.04 | .74 | .49–1.13 | .74 | .49–1.14 | .70 | .46–1.07 |
Less than once per month | .57 | .35–.91* | .55 | .34–.90* | .57 | .36–.92* | .55 | .34–.90* | .56 | .35–.91* |
Frequency of meeting friendc (reference: every day) | ||||||||||
Few times per week | .73 | .55–.96* | .72 | .54–.95* | .72 | .55–.95* | .71 | .54–.95* | .72 | .54–.95* |
Few times per month | .79 | .59–1.08 | .80 | .59–1.09 | .78 | .57–1.05 | .75 | .55–1.02 | .80 | .59–1.09 |
Once per month | .64 | .42–.99* | .62 | .40–.96* | .64 | .42–.97* | .63 | .41–.97* | .63 | .41–.98* |
Less than once per month | .61 | .36–1.02 | .60 | .36–1.01 | .59 | .35–.99* | .57 | .34–.97* | .60 | .36–1.01 |
Never | .42 | .23–.75** | .41 | .28–.71** | .40 | .22–.73** | .43 | .23–.78** | .41 | .23–.75** |
Higher than median social support score for spousec | 1.43 | 1.09–1.88** | 1.39 | 1.06–1.83* | 1.44 | 1.10–1.90** | 1.46 | 1.10–1.92** | 1.43 | 1.08–1.89* |
Mental health services within general medical services | ||||||||||
Higher than median social support score for relatived | .48 | .31–.75** | .44 | .28–.70** | .49 | .31–.75** | .50 | .32–.78** | .51 | .32–.81** |
Weighted analysis
Psychological distress is based on a score ≥4 on the 20-item General Health Questionnaire
Model adjusted for sex, age (30–44, 45–64, or ≥65 years), mental disorder before 1993–1996, physical illness before 1993–1996, mental health service use before 1993–1996, health insurance, and specific mental condition.
Model adjusted for the above characteristics and years of education (<13 years or ≥13 years)
Unadjusted two-tailed p<.05
Bonferroni adjusted two-tailed p≤.01