Table 1.
Demographic, Laboratory, and Clinical Factors in Relation to the Risk of Presence of Coronary Plaques
| |
|
Presence of coronary plaques |
|
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | Total (n = 176) | No (n = 124) | Yes (n = 52) | p value |
| Age (years) | 44.2 (39.9–47.3) | 42.9 (38.6–46.0) | 47.3 (43.5–49.5) | <0.0001 |
| Female (%) | 36.9 | 44.4 | 19.2 | 0.002 |
| Family history of CAD (%) | 23.8 | 22.6 | 26.9 | 0.54 |
| CD4 (count/mm3) | 344 (177–498) | 346 (177–516) | 314 (216–498) | 0.67 |
| Plasma HIV viral load (copies/mL) | 581 (30–14789) | 638 (30–22771) | 300 (30–12852) | 0.60 |
| Cocaine use (%) | 90.9 | 88.7 | 96.2 | 0.12 |
| Cocaine use ≥15 y (%) | 34.1 | 27.4 | 50.0 | 0.004 |
| Cigarette smoking (%) | 86.4 | 85.5 | 88.5 | 0.60 |
| Cigarette smoking ≥15 y (%) | 77.8 | 75.0 | 84.6 | 0.53 |
| Alcohol use (%) | 89.8 | 88.7 | 92.3 | 0.47 |
| hs-CRP ≥2 mg/dL (%) | 41.7 | 42.7 | 39.2 | 0.67 |
| hsCRP (mg/dL) | 1.5 (0.6–4.1) | 1.5 (0.6–4.4) | 1.5 (0.6–3.4) | 0.62 |
| Systolic BP (mm Hg) | 111 (103–120) | 111 (103–119) | 111 (108–121) | 0.24 |
| Diastolic BP (mm Hg) | 74 (69–81) | 73 (69–81) | 77 (66–82) | 0.44 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 84 (78–90) | 84 (78–89) | 86 (80–94) | 0.14 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.8 (21.5–27.3) | 24.1 (21.9–27.3) | 23.7 (21.4–27.2) | 0.71 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 161 (142–186) | 158 (137–181) | 170 (157–196) | 0.005 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 86 (70–107) | 81 (67–107) | 94 (80–113) | 0.019 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 49 (38–60) | 48 (38–59) | 51 (35–63) | 0.80 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 107 (73–151) | 100 (72–138) | 132 (78–173) | 0.025 |
| Years of cocaine use | 13 (5–20) | 11 (5–17) | 16 (6–22) | 0.013 |
| Duration of ART use (mo) | ||||
| NRTIs | 0 (0–12) | 0 (0–12) | 0 (0–30) | 0.048 |
| NNRTIs | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–15) | 0.0017 |
| PIs | 0 (0–12) | 0 (0–6) | 0 (0–24) | 0.06 |
| All | 3 (0–24) | 1 (0–20) | 19 (0–47) | 0.001 |
| Coronary calcification (%) | 25.6 | 4.8 | 75.0 | <0.0001 |
| Framingham risk score | 3.5 (2.0–5.0) | 3 (2–4) | 5 (4–8) | <0.0001 |
| Framingham score ≥3.0 (%) | 69.5 | 61.3 | 90 | <0.0001 |
a
Median (interquartile range) for continuous variables, proportion (%) for categorical variables.
CAD, coronary artery disease; CD4, CD4 cell count; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; hs-CRP, high sensitivity C-reactive protein; BP, blood pressure; glucose, fasting glucose; BMI, body mass index; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Framingham score, Framingham risk score; NRTIs, nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; NNRTIs, nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors; PIs, protease inhibitors; ART, antiretroviral therapy.