Figure 2.

AP2 and AP180 mutant cell lines have enlarged contractile vacuoles. (A) DIC images of wild-type (WT), epsin-null (epsin−), AP2α-null (AP2α−), AP180-null (AP180−), AP2α/AP180–double null (AP2α/AP180 DKO), AP2α/epsin–double null (AP2α/epsin DKO) cell lines in isotonic medium (top) and in water (bottom). Arrowheads indicate contractile vacuoles. Scale bar, 10 μm. (B) Quantification of contractile vacuole diameters in both isotonic (medium) and hypotonic (H₂O) condition. Error bar, SE; n = 20 to 61 contractile vacuoles for each condition. (* p <0.05, ** p <0.005, *** p <0.0001).