TABLE 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study population1
| Sugar-sweetened beverage intake |
|||
| <1/wk (n = 294) | 1–6/wk (n = 108) | ≥7/wk (n = 45) | |
| Age (y) | 70 ± 82 | 67 ± 9 | 67 ± 9 |
| Female [n (%)] | 195 (66) | 56 (52) | 21 (49) |
| Race-ethnicity [n (%)] | |||
| White | 175 (60) | 55 (51) | 22 (51) |
| Asian | 40 (14) | 8 (7) | 0 (0) |
| Black | 40 (14) | 27 (25) | 9 (21) |
| Hispanic | 39 (13) | 18 (17) | 12 (28) |
| High school education and higher [n (%)] | 242 (83) | 94 (87) | 34 (79) |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28.6 ± 5.2 | 28.3 ± 5.2 | 29.2 ± 5.8 |
| Hypertension [n (%)]3 | 202 (69) | 68 (63) | 27 (63) |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 136 ± 22 | 132 ± 21 | 137 ± 21 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 71 ± 10 | 71 ± 11 | 74 ± 11 |
| Diabetes [n (%)] | 54 (18) | 12 (11) | 3 (7) |
| Current smokers [n (%)] | 13 (4) | 12 (11) | 4 (9) |
| Dyslipidemia [n (%)]4 | 213 (72) | 86 (80) | 27 (63) |
| Low-density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 118 ± 31 | 120 ± 31 | 112 ± 37 |
| High-density lipoprotein (mg/dL) | 53 ± 15 | 50 ± 13 | 45 ± 13 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dL) | 122 (85–170)5 | 129 (88–190) | 135 (100–173) |
| Use of lipid-lowering medication [n (%)] | 86 (29) | 34 (32) | 5 (12) |
| Sodium intake (mg/d) | 1660 (1202–2455) | 2255 (1534–2722) | 2593 (1713–3208) |
| Phosphorus intake (mg/d) | 837 (607, 1224) | 895 (667–1245) | 1069 (827–1402) |
| Protein intake (g/d) | 57 ± 27 | 60 ± 22 | 68 ± 32 |
| Total energy intake (kcal/d) | 1251 (916–1704) | 1570 (1216–1859) | 1926 (1579–2311) |
| Intentional exercise (MET min/wk) | 994 (315–2460) | 1020 (171–1890) | 420 (0–1125) |
| Baseline serum creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.26 ± 0.25 | 1.34 ± 0.28 | 1.33 ± 0.25 |
| Baseline eGFR (mL · minminus1 · 1.73 mminus2) | 53 ± 6 | 53 ± 7 | 53 ± 6 |
| Baseline albumin:creatinine ratio (mg/g) | 6.2 (3.5–16.1) | 7.2 (3.7–21.3) | 4.6 (2.9–30.3) |
1
SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; MET, metabolic equivalent task; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.
2
Mean ± SD (all such values).
3
Defined as SBP ≥ 140 mm Hg, DBP ≥ 90 mm Hg, or use of blood pressure–lowering medication.
4
Defined as low HDL cholesterol (<40 mg/dL in men, <50 mg/dL in women), elevated LDL cholesterol (>130 mg/dL in nonpatients with diabetes, >100 mg/dL in patients with diabetes), elevated triglyceride (>250 mg/dL), or use of lipid-lowering medication.
5
Median; interquartile range (all such values).