TABLE 2.
Subject characteristics of study groups1
| LoGI + EX (n = 15) |
HiGI + EX (n = 17) |
2-Factor ANOVA |
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| Before | After | Before | After | P for time | P for group × time | |
| Sex (F/M) | 8/7 | — | 9/8 | — | — | — |
| Age (y) | 67 ± 12 | — | 66 ± 1 | — | — | — |
| Weight (kg) | 93.6 ± 4.0 | 91.8 ± 3.8 | 97.8 ± 4.1 | 96.4 ± 4.1 | <0.0001 | 0.42 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32.8 ± 1.0 | 32.2 ± 1.0 | 34.6 ± 1.0 | 34.1 ± 1.0 | <0.0001 | 0.40 |
| FM (%) | 41.7 ± 2.2 | 41.4 ± 2.1 | 43.6 ± 1.6 | 43.0 ± 1.6 | 0.004 | 0.41 |
| TFM (kg) | 6.45 ± 0.51 | 6.26 ± 0.48 | 6.28 ± 0.56 | 6.05 ± 0.54 | 0.001 | 0.45 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 130.9 ± 2.8 | 119.9 ± 2.8 | 133.6 ± 3.9 | 132.2 ± 4.2 | 0.01 | 0.04 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 78.1 ± 2.6 | 73.3 ± 2.3 | 78.1 ± 2.3 | 77.1 ± 1.9 | 0.10 | 0.29 |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 103.2 ± 2.8 | 99.5 ± 2.4 | 98.3 ± 2.5 | 94.7 ± 2.1 | 0.001 | 0.70 |
| FPI (μU/mL) | 16.8 ± 1.5 | 13.0 ± 1.4 | 13.5 ± 1.0 | 12.0 ± 1.3 | 0.0004 | 0.23 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 165.5 ± 19.3 | 113.5 ± 15.0 | 129.4 ± 13.4 | 82.5 ± 6.0 | <0.0001 | 0.27 |
| Cholesterol (mg/dL) | ||||||
| Total | 203.7 ± 9.1 | 188.1 ± 9.2 | 206.3 ± 5.6 | 190.5 ± 4.8 | 0.0009 | 0.90 |
| LDL | 123.7 ± 8.7 | 118.2 ± 7.6 | 130.7 ± 4.6 | 126.0 ± 4.2 | 0.19 | 0.74 |
| HDL | 49.7 ± 4.3 | 48.9 ± 4.6 | 50.8 ± 4.3 | 49.0 ± 4.0 | 0.009 | 0.41 |
| VLDL | 34.3 ± 4.9 | 23.3 ± 3.1 | 47.4 ± 21.9 | 17.4 ± 1.4 | 0.13 | 0.46 |
| Hb A1c (%) | 5.59 ± 0.20 | 5.58 ± 0.19 | 5.56 ± 0.11 | 5.55 ± 0.09 | 0.80 | 0.47 |
| V̇O2max (L/min) | 2.14 ± 0.14 | 2.25 ± 0.16 | 2.13 ± 0.11 | 2.15 ± 0.12 | 0.004 | 0.02 |
LoGI, low glycemic index; HiGI, high glycemic index; EX, exercise intervention; FM, fat mass; TFM, truncal fat mass; SPB, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; FPI, fasting plasma insulin; TG, triglycerides; Hb A1c, glycated hemoglobin; V̇O2max, maximal oxygen uptake. Older obese nondiabetic men and women volunteered to partake in a 7-d exercise training intervention, in combination with either a low-GI diet (LoGI + EX) or a high-GI diet (HiGI + EX). No prestudy group differences existed for any variable (P > 0.05, t test). Body weight, BMI, whole-body FM, and TFM showed small but significant decreases with time independently of the trial. Significant improvements in FPG, FPI, and lipidemia (TG and cholesterol) were identified during the study. These occurred independently of the study group. No changes in Hb A1c were identified. V̇O2max during exhaustive exercise and resting SBP improved after the study. These changes were greater in the LoGI + EX group. No variable was different between groups before the intervention.
Mean ± SEM (all such values).