TABLE 2.
Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), circulating insulin, glucose, and adiponectin across tertiles of total osteocalcin in older nondiabetic men and women (n = 348)1
| Total osteocalcin |
||||
| Tertile 1 [mean (range): 5.5 (2.6–6.9) ng/mL] | Tertile 2 [mean (range): 8.1 (7.0–9.2) ng/mL] | Tertile 3 [mean (range): 11.8 (9.3–24.8) ng/mL] | P for trend2 | |
| HOMA-IR | ||||
| Model 1 | 2.7 ± 0.1a,b | 2.5 ± 0.1a | 2.2 ± 0.1b | 0.006 |
| Model 2 | 2.6 ± 0.1a | 2.5 ± 0.1a | 2.2 ± 0.1b | 0.04 |
| Insulin (mU/mL) | ||||
| Model 1 | 11.5 ± 0.5a | 10.8 ± 0.5a,b | 9.5 ± 0.5b | 0.11 |
| Model 2 | 11.3 ± 0.5 | 10.9 ± 0.4 | 9.7 ± 0.5 | 0.33 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | ||||
| Model 1 | 96 ± 1a | 94 ± 1a,b | 93 ± 1b | 0.04 |
| Model 2 | 96 ± 1 | 94 ± 1 | 93 ± 1 | 0.10 |
| Adiponectin (μg/mL) | ||||
| Model 1 | 3.6 ± 0.3a | 4.3 ± 0.2b | 4.6 ± 0.2b | 0.004 |
All values are least-square (LS) means ± SEMs. LS means are the mean values in the outcomes when individual covariates are held constant: model 1 was adjusted for age, sex, race, Physical Activity Score for the Elderly, smoking, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and percentage body fat; model 2 was adjusted for the same covariates as model 1 and further adjusted for adiponectin. n = 113, 119, and 116 for tertiles 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Values with different superscripts are significantly different, P < 0.05 (Tukey’s honestly significant difference adjustment for multiple comparisons).
Calculated by using ANCOVA and adjusted for covariates in model 1 and model 2.