Figure 4.
(a) Average duration (mean +/-SEM in seconds) of submissive/defensive, aggressive, social and nonsocial behavior in defeated male hamsters administered C (n=8), T (n=10), DHT (n=8) and E2 (n=9) and (b) non-defeated male hamsters administered C (n=6), T (n=8), DHT (n=7) and E2 (n=9) during a test encounter with a non-aggressive intruder. Analyses were run for each specific behavior; therefore, differences are compared only within one category of behavior and not between behavioral categories. Non-shared letters depict significant differences (p < 0.05) as determined by Fisher's post hoc analyses.