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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Oct 16.
Published in final edited form as: Eur Respir J. 2009 Jun;33(6):1485–1497. doi: 10.1183/09031936.00014009

FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 1

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway. Ligands, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor (TGF)-α, or others, bind to the homo- and heterodimer kinase domain (TK), resulting in activation and receptor transphosphorylation. This creates docking sites for the adaptor proteins, Grb2 and Sos, which recruit Ras and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), leading to the formation of two major signalling pathway branches, Ras/MAPK and PI3K/Akt. These networks result in, amongst others, proliferation, evasion of apoptosis and angiogenesis. MAPK: mitogen-activated kinase-like protein.