Table 1.
Participant Sociodemographic Characteristics and Distress
| Variable | Caregivers (n = 16) | Controls (n = 16) | Group t or χ2 | p Value |
| Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||
| Mean (SD; range) age | 78.94 (4.70; 68–86) | 79.37 (4.67; 68–86) | .07 | .79 |
| Female (%) | 11 (68.75) | 11 (68.75) | .00 | 1.00 |
| Mean (SD; range) years of education | 12.75 (2.93; 8–19) | 13.25 (3.04; 7–19) | .22 | .64 |
| Work status (%) | 3.36 | .19 | ||
| Full-time or part-time | 2 (12.5) | 2 (12.5) | ||
| Homemaker | 3 (18.75) | 0 (0.0) | ||
| Retired | 11 (68.75) | 14 (87.5) | ||
| English as primary language (%) | 14 (87.5) | 16 (100) | 2.13 | .14 |
| Mean (SD; range) secondary languages | 1.06 (1.00; 0–4) | 0.31 (0.60; 0–2) | 6.63 | .02 |
| White race (%) | 16 (100) | 15 (93.75) | 1.03 | .31 |
| Mean (SD; range) hours spent with spouse per day | 19.54 (7.52; 20–24) | 21.89 (4.45; 8–24) | 1.16 | .29 |
| Psychological distress | ||||
| Zarit Burden Interview (SD; range) | 26.31 (5.72; 19–40) | — | ||
| GHQ total (SD; range) | 18.62 (6.87; 10–36) | 12.75 (5.84; 3–26) | 2.61 | .01 |
Note: GHQ = General Health Questionnaire.