Table 3.
Studies of Cancer Risk Among Contraceptive Users
| Study | Contraceptive | Population | Design and Outcomes | Findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beral V (2008)51 | Oral contraceptives | General population | Case-control study of ovarian cancer | Reduced risk of ovarian cancer |
| Rosenblatt KA (2008)54 | Oral contraceptives | Chinese textile workers | Cohort followed for 10 years for all and 12 site-specific cancers | No associations with risk of breast cancer or all cancers combined |
| Hannaford PC (2007)50 | Oral contraceptives | General UK population | Large cohort study of all cancers | Less cancer of the large bowel, rectum, uterus, or ovaries |
| Wingo PA (2007) 53 | Oral contraceptives | General US population | Cohort and cancer registry study of breast cancer mortality | No effect |
| Collaborative Group on Hormonal Factors in Breast Cancer. (1996)52 | Oral contraceptives | Women in 25 countries | Case control study of breast cancer | Small increase in relative risk of having breast cancer diagnosed |
| Vessey M (1989)72 | Oral contraceptives | General UK population | 20-year cohort study of breast, cervical, and ovarian cancer | No effect |
| Vessey M (1983)59 | Oral contraceptives | General UK population | Case-control study of breast cancer diagnosis | No significant effect |
| Shapiro S (2000)56 | Depomedroxy-progesterone acetate | South African women | Case-control study of breast cancer | No association |
| Backman T (2005)60 | Levonorgestrel-IUD | General Finnish population | Incidence rates of breast cancer by IUD use in the Finnish Cancer Registry | No increased risk of breast cancer |
| International Collaborative Post-Marketing Surveillance of Norplant (2001)47 | Norplant* contraceptive implant | Women in 8 developing countries | Post marketing surveillance, controlled cohort of all cancer | No increased risk |
Abbreviations: intrauterine device, United Kingdom, United States
* The Norplant contraceptive implant is no longer available in the United States.