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Effects of glucosamine on endothelial VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 expression. (A) Immunoblotting demonstrates that treatment of HUVECs with glucosamine (0.1 or 0.5 mmol/L, 5 days) had no effects on VCAM-1, but reduced ICAM-1 protein expression in response to TNFα (1 ng/ml, 24 hours, n = 3). (B) Quantification of the above results. *p < 0.05 vs. TNFα alone.
