Table 4. Selected characteristics of MESA participants who did and did not develop depression (CES-D score ≥ 16 or use of anti-depressant medications) over 4-5 year follow-up amongst those with CES-D <16 at baseline (n=1919).

	MEN			WOMEN
	Developed depression (n=98)	Did not develop depression (n=835)	p-value*	Developed depression (n=150)	Did not develop depression (n=836)	p-value*
CES-D at baseline (mean (s.d.))	8.11 (4.17)	4.66 (3.75)	<0.01	9.12 (4.24)	4.95 (3.85)	<0.01
5-year CES-D change (mean (s.d.))	11.73 (0.43)	-0.44 (0.19)	<0.01	12.33 (038)	-0.21 (0.22)	<0.01
Race/Ethnicity (% distribution)
White	22.5	14.3	0.03	24.0	12.8	<0.01
African American	42.9	38.8		38.0	47.0
Hispanic	34.7	47.0		38.0	40.2
Age (years) (% distribution)
45-54	33.7	25.2	0.33	34.0	26.3	0.23
55-64	27.6	29.8		27.3	28.2
65-74	28.6	34.3		28.0	34.3
75-84	10.2	10.8		10.7	11.1
Annual Income (dollars) (% distribution)
<20,000	22.5	11.1	<0.01	26.7	19.6	0.19
20,000-34,999	24.5	14.9		25.3	24.5
35,000-49,999	13.3	18.2		17.3	18.9
50,000-74,999	19.4	22.9		18.0	17.9
75,000+	20.4	32.9		12.7	19.0
Education (% distribution)
<High School	28.6	10.5	<0.01	18.7	9.1	<0.01
Completed High School	15.3	17.7		18.7	23.3
Some College/Associate/Trade	20.4	26.6		34.7	32.8
Bachelor's Degree	17.4	21.3		17.3	17.5
Graduate/Professional Degree	18.4	23.8		10.7	17.3
Social Cohesion (mean (s.d.))	3.13 (0.29)	3.22 (0.32)	0.01	3.13 (0.30)	3.18 (0.31)	0.04
Violence (mean (s.d.))	2.00 (0.37)	1.88 (0.39)	<0.01	2.01 (0.39)	1.92 (0.38)	<0.01
Aesthetic Environment (mean (s.d.))	3.81 (0.42)	3.90 (0.43)	0.04	3.75 (0.44)	3.85 (0.45)	0.01
Summary Index (mean (s.d.))	-0.14 (0.92)	0.14 (0.99)	0.01	-0.20 (0.97)	0.04 (0.99)	0.01

^*p-value compares those who did and did not develop incident depression