Table 3.
Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) and numbers of cases for selected causes of death among female workers, by tertile of trichloroethylene cumulative exposure score
| Cause of death* | All | 0–5 Unit Years | 5–25 Unit Years | >25 Unit Years |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| All causes | 0.99 (0.89–1.09) 692 |
1.04 (0.90–1.19) 255 |
0.84 (0.67–1.04) 88 |
1.00 (0.88–1.13) 349 |
| All cancer | 0.93 (0.74–1.16) 125 |
1.06 (0.78–1.45) 51 |
0.82 (0.49–1.36) 16 |
0.86 (0.64–1.16) 58 |
| Buccal cavity/pharynx |
1.08 (0.18–6.47) 2 |
3.00 (0.50–18.00) 2 |
- 0 |
- 0 |
| Digestive organs | 1.13 (0.71–1.80) 32 |
1.18 (0.62–2.26) 12 |
0.49 (0.12–2.05) 2 |
1.27 (0.72–2.22) 18 |
| Esophagus | 2.81 (0.25–31.10) 2 |
3.99 (0.25–63.94) 1 |
9.59 (0.60–154.14) 1 |
- 0 |
| Stomach | 0.68 (0.17–2.77) 3 |
1.27 (0.25–6.35) 2 |
- 0 |
0.45 (0.05–3.80) 1 |
| Colon | 1.14 (0.58–2.23) 16 |
1.00 (0.37–2.68) 5 |
0.50 (0.07–3.73) 1 |
1.43 (0.66–3.09) 10 |
| Rectum | 0.87 (0.08–9.59) 1 |
- 0 |
- 0 |
1.76 (0.16–19.47) 1 |
| Biliary passage/liver |
0.74 (0.18–2.97) 3 |
0.69 (0.08–5.74) 1 |
- 0 |
0.98 (0.20–4.90) 2 |
| Primary liver | - 0 |
- 0 |
- 0 |
- 0 |
| Pancreas | 1.71 (0.57–5.12) 7 |
2.06 (0.51–8.26) 3 |
- 0 |
1.96 (0.55–6.97) 4 |
| Lung | 0.53 (0.27–1.07) 11 |
0.69 (0.27–1.77) 5 |
0.65 (0.16–2.73) 2 |
0.39 (0.14–1.11) 4 |
| Breast | 1.23 (0.73–2.06) 26 |
1.57 (0.81–3.04) 12 |
1.01 (0.31–3.30) 3 |
1.05 (0.53–2.07) 11 |
| Cervix | 1.67 (0.54–5.22) 6 |
0.76 (0.09–6.35) 1 |
- 0 |
2.83 (0.86–9.33) 5 |
| Prostate | ||||
| Kidney | 0.93 (0.15–5.76) 2 |
- 0 |
2.86 (0.27–29.85) 1 |
0.97 (0.10–9.50) 1 |
| Bladder | 0.22 (0.03–1.83) 1 |
- 0 |
- 0 |
0.44 (0.05–3.63) 1 |
| Melanoma of skin | 1.67 (0.23–11.86) 2 |
2.29 (0.21–25.25) 1 |
- 0 |
1.68 (0.15–18.60) 1 |
| Central Nerv. System |
- 0 |
- 0 |
- 0 |
- 0 |
| Endocrine | 1.15 (0.07–18.49) 1 |
- 0 |
- 0 |
2.35 (0.15–37.80) 1 |
| Bone | 1.37 (0.09–22.12) 1 |
- 0 |
9.44 (0.58–153.20) 1 |
- 0 |
| Lymphatic or haemat. |
1.00 (0.55–1.83) 18 |
1.10 (0.48–2.54) 7 |
0.38 (0.05–2.79) 1 |
1.11 (0.53–2.31) 10 |
| Hodgkin's Disease | - 0 |
- 0 |
- 0 |
- 0 |
| Non-Hodgkin's Lymph. |
1.18 (0.49–2.85) 9 |
1.48 (0.47–4.66) 4 |
- 0 |
1.30 (0.45–3.77) 5 |
| Multiple myeloma | 2.37 (0.67–8.44) 6 |
2.20 (0.40–12.02) 2 |
2.79 (0.31–25.05) 1 |
2.38 (0.53–10.67) 3 |
| Leukemia | 0.36 (0.10–1.32) 3 |
0.35 (0.05–2.72) 1 |
- 0 |
0.48 (0.10–2.19) 2 |
| Ischemic Heart Disease |
1.07 (0.87–1.32) 164 |
1.17 (0.88–1.56) 63 |
0.70 (0.42–1.62) 16 |
1.11 (0.86–1.44) 85 |
| Diabetes | 1.64 (0.96–2.78) 31 |
2.50 (1.35–4.66) 17 |
1.12 (0.34–3.71) 3 |
1.16 (0.57–2.37) 11 |
| Cerebrovascular Dis. |
1.14 (0.82–1.58) 71 |
0.84 (0.50–1.41) 18 |
1.23 (0.67–2.28) 12 |
1.32 (0.90–1.94) 41 |
| Non-Mal. Resp. Dis. |
0.80 (0.57–1.14) 53 |
0.72 (0.43–1.21) 17 |
0.81 (0.39–1.68) 8 |
0.86 (0.56–1.32) 28 |
| Bronchitis | 2.67 (0.24–29.64) 2 |
3.81 (0.24–61.10) 1 |
- 0 |
2.66 (0.17–42.72) 1 |
| Emphysema | 2.01 (0.57–7.17) 6 |
0.96 (0.11–8.63) 1 |
- 0 |
3.33 (0.89–12.48) 5 |
| Asthma | 0.39 (0.08–1.87) 2 |
1.05 (0.22–5.10) 2 |
- 0 |
- 0 |
| Cirrhosis | 1.79 (0.54–5.93) 6 | 3.30 (0.88–12.41) 4 |
2.20 (0.26–18.89) 1 |
0.59 (0.07–5.10) 1 |
| Motor Vehicle Accident |
1.50 (0.62–3.63) 10 |
1.65 (0.51–5.28) 4 |
1.08 (0.14–8.48) 1 |
1.51 (0.51–4.43) 5 |
| Suicide | 1.28 (0.41–4.04) 5 |
- 0 |
1.85 (0.23–15.07) 1 |
2.08 (0.61–7.12) 4 |
Cox regression model: time variable = age, covariate = race
Referent group for all models: female workers with no chemical exposure (n=1,983)
A "-"indicates the hazard ratio cannot be calculated due to empty cell(s)
*
Cause of death is malignant neoplasm unless otherwise specified