Table 8.
Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) and numbers of cases for mortality from multiple myeloma among male and female workers with exposure to chemicals
| Men | Women | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Chemical | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | No. exposed cases | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | No. exposed cases |
| Any solvent | 1.20 (0.50–2.89) | 30 | 2.09 (0.63–6.96) | 8 |
| 1,1,1-trichloroethane | 0.64 (0.18–2.30) | 4 | 14.46 (3.24–64.63) | 3 |
| Acetone | 0.98 (0.30–3.24) | 5 | 2.41 (0.44–13.24) | 2 |
| Carbon tetrachloride | 1.29 (0.51–3.25) | 19 | 2.03 (0.57–7.19) | 6 |
| Chloroform | - | 0 | - | 0 |
| Freon | 2.02 (0.74–5.50) | 11 | - | 0 |
| Isopropyl alcohol | 1.11 (0.35–3.47) | 6 | - | 0 |
| JP4 gasoline | 1.29 (0.47–3.53) | 11 | 1.98 (0.36–10.82) | 2 |
| Metal fumes/dust | 0.92 (0.23–3.67) | 3 | - | 0 |
| Methylene chloride | 2.58 (0.86–7.72) | 7 | - | 0 |
| Methylethyl ketone | 0.76 (0.19–3.03) | 3 | 4.98 (1.24–19.93) | 4 |
| Nitroglycerine | - | 0 | - | 0 |
| O-dichlorobenzene | 2.12 (0.64–7.02) | 5 | 5.56 (0.62–49.89) | 1 |
| Other alcohols | 2.04 (0.57–7.28) | 4 | - | 0 |
| Perchloroethylene | 1.71 (0.42–6.91) | 3 | 7.84 (1.43–43.06) | 2 |
| Silica | - | 0 | - | 0 |
| Solder flux | 1.07 (0.34–3.35) | 6 | - | 0 |
| Stoddard solvent | 1.16 (0.46–2.92) | 18 | 2.26 (0.64–8.02) | 6 |
| Styrene | - | 0 | - | 0 |
| Toluene | 0.98 (0.28–3.49) | 4 | 4.54 (1.22–16.95) | 5 |
| Xylene | - | 0 | - | 0 |
| Zinc chromate | 1.16 (0.37–3.63) | 6 | 3.94 (0.98–15.79) | 4 |
Cox regression model: time variable = age, covariate = race
Referent group for all models for males: male workers with no chemical exposure (n=1,836)
Referent group for all models for females: female workers with no chemical exposure (n=1,983)
A “-”indicates the hazard ratio cannot be calculated due to empty cell(s)