Table 9.

Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) and numbers of cases for mortality from non-malignant respiratory diseases among male and female workers with exposure to chemicals

	Men		Women
Chemical	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	No. exposed cases	Hazard ratio (95% CI)	No. exposed cases
Any solvent	1.29 (1.04–1.61)	504	0.85 (0.62–1.16)	79
1,1,1-trichloroethane	1.03 (0.77–1.37)	95	1.04 (0.38–2.85)	4
Acetone	1.29 (0.97–1.71)	95	0.71 (0.41–1.24)	15
Carbon tetrachloride	1.34 (1.06–1.68)	313	0.83 (0.59–1.16)	58
Chloroform	1.28 (0.70–2.34)	12	1.25 (0.17–8.96)	1
Freon	1.46 (1.12–1.90)	132	0.83 (0.40–1.73)	8
Isopropyl alcohol	1.37 (1.04–1.81)	113	1.10 (0.58–2.06)	11
JP4 gasoline	1.31 (1.01–1.69)	157	1.21 (0.77–1.90)	25
Metal fumes/dust	0.97 (0.68–1.37)	47	0.61 (0.15–2.48)	2
Methylene chloride	1.52 (1.11–2.08)	67	0.92 (0.40–2.11)	6
Methylethyl ketone	1.42 (1.06–1.90)	86	0.80 (0.46–1.42)	14
Nitroglycerine	0.61 (0.19–1.92)	3	-	0
O-dichlorobenzene	1.73 (1.25–2.38)	62	0.62 (0.15–2.53)	2
Other alcohols	1.33 (0.92–1.91)	42	2.06 (0.95–4.47)	7
Perchloroethylene	1.83 (1.28–2.60)	46	0.51 (0.19–1.41)	4
Silica	1.14 (0.46–2.81)	5	-	0
Solder flux	1.30 (0.98–1.71)	110	0.85 (0.39–1.85)	7
Stoddard solvent	1.35 (1.07–1.69)	335	0.83 (0.58–1.18)	51
Styrene	1.21 (0.56–2.61)	7	0.47 (0.07–3.38)	1
Toluene	1.38 (1.03–1.84)	86	0.79 (0.48–1.28)	20
Xylene	1.03 (0.38–2.80)	4	0.77 (0.11–5.60)	1
Zinc chromate	1.48 (1.12–1.94)	115	0.93 (0.58–1.51)	21

Cox regression model: time variable = age, covariate = race

Referent group for all models for males: male workers with no chemical exposure (n=1,836)

Referent group for all models for females: female workers with no chemical exposure (n=1,983)

A “-”indicates the hazard ratio cannot be calculated due to empty cell(s)