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. 2009 Jul 30;11(3):e24. doi: 10.2196/jmir.1183

Table 3.

Demographic, lifestyle, and Internet characteristics by education levela

Low Intermediate High χ2b Pc
No. %b No. %b No. %b
Age (years) 1780 27.5(5.2)d 3286 28.8 (4.3)d 3072 30.7 (3.5)d 351.0e < .001
Pregnancy
   Pregnant with first child 1115/1937 58 2179/3544 61 2257/3312 68 65.7 < .001
   Number of weeks of
   pregnancy at enrollment		 1940 18.4 (9.2)d 3548 18.0 (9.3)d 3317 17.4 (9.1)d 8.1e < .001
   1st trimester 795/1940 41 1510/3548 43 1481/3317 45 15.2 .004
   2nd trimester 783/1940 40 1394/3548 39 1326/3317 40
   3rd trimester 362/1940 19 644/3548 18 510/3317 15
Lifestyle characteristics
   Overweight before
   pregnancy
   (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2) f 		752/1913 39 1297/3495 37 845/3280 26 137.8 < .001
   Smoking 906.1 < .001
      Smoker 465/1938 24 329/3543 9 57/3317 2
      Cessation because of
      pregnancy		 443/1938 23 666/3543 19 399/3317 12
      Nonsmoker 1030/1938 53 2548/3543 72 2861/3317 86
   Alcohol use during
   pregnancy		 41/1934 2 87/3538 2 142/3308 4 26.9 < .001
   Sufficient vegetable intakeg 253/1225 21 518/2263 23 674/2106 32 69.2 < .001
   Sufficient fruit intakeg 482/1266 38 1037/2337 44 1133/2159 52 71.0 < .001
   Sufficient physical activityh 553/1325 42 885/2393 37 819/2239 37 10.8 .005
   No folic acid used 304/1932 16 287/3537 8 141/3308 4 210.4 < .001
Internet characteristics
   Internet at home 1847/1930 96 3428/3544 97 3259/3309 98 38.6 < .001
   Internet use 36.4 < .001
      < 1 hour/week 222/1933 11 370/3540 10 261/3311 8
      1-2 hours/week 610/1933 32 1217/3540 34 1030/3311 31
      > 2 hours/week 1101/1933 57 1953/3540 55 2020/3311 61
   Use of Internet for
   information about
   pregnancy		 1654/1932 86 3176/3542 90 2987/3310 90 29.5 < .001

a Due to missing values, the totals in each column vary. Italics represents significant results.

b Unless otherwise noted.

c The chi-square test was used for categorical variables, and analysis of variance was used for continuous variables.

d Mean (SD).

e F-value.

f Body mass index (BMI) was calculated as the self-reported weight before pregnancy (kg) and height (m2).

g Meeting the current Dutch guidelines for sufficient fruit and vegetable intake. Sufficient fruit intake: at least two pieces of fruit per day or one piece supplemented by fruit juice. Sufficient vegetable intake: at least 150-200 g of vegetables per day.

h At least 30 minutes of being moderately active on five or more days per week.