Table 1.

Witness and overdose characteristics by fatality of the last witnessed overdoses.

		Last Witnessed Overdose
	Sample (n = 690)	Fatal (n = 152)	Non-Fatal (n = 538)
Variable	%	%	%
Witness Characteristics
Race
-Hispanic	61.2	54.0	63.2
-African American	24.9	29.6	23.6
-White/Other	13.9	16.5	13.2
Female gender	24.6	25.7	24.3
High school education	51.0	53.0	50.4
Age
-18–24	7.0	5.9	7.3
-25–34	30.3	24.3	32.0
-35–44	41.0	46.7	39.4
-45+	21.7	23.1	21.3
Drug Use, past year
-Heroin	90.6	88.2	91.3
-Crack cocaine	63.0	69.1	61.3
-Powder cocaine	75.8	80.3	74.5
-Injected drugs (ever)	86.2	79.0	88.3
Circumstances of Overdose
Location
-Private residence	37.5	33.6	38.7
-Shooting gallery	17.3	14.5	18.0
-Open public area	21.7	21.1	21.9
-Public or abandoned building	10.4	13.8	9.5
-Other	13.0	17.1	11.9
Witnesses called an ambulance or took to hospital	43.5	51.3	41.3