Table 2.
Variables and Operational Measures
| Variable and Items | # of Items | Range | |
|---|---|---|---|
| A. From Health Worker Interview: | |||
| Universal Precautions Knowledge | Total UP Knowledge: Average % on 4 Indexes -Gloves, Hand Washing, Sharps, Cleaning | 22 | 0–100% |
| Glove Wearing Knowledge: % correct of 15 items (blood, body fluids, IV, garbage, death, bed, giving medication, cleaning floor/equipment, giving/preparing food, feeding, lifting, torn gloves, after each patient) | 15 | 0–100% | |
| Hand Washing Knowledge: % correct of 3 items (before client, touched blood, after contaminated equipment or surfaces) | 3 | 0–100% | |
| Sharps Knowledge: % correct of 2 items (needle re-cap & sharps disposal) | 2 | 0–100% | |
| Cleaning Knowledge: % correct of 2 items (when to clean exam tables & what cleans contaminated surfaces) | 2 | 0–100% | |
| Universal Precautions & Teaching Behaviors Self-Reports | Glove Wearing Behavior: Mean of 4 items (5 Always - 1 Seldom/Never: blood & bodily fluids, garbage, start IV, contaminated equipment) | 4 | 1–5 |
| Hand Washing Behavior: Mean of 7 items (5 Always -1 Seldom/Never: between patients, blood contact, before/after start IV, before/after injections, contaminated equipment/garbage) | 7 | 1–5 | |
| Teaching & Counseling Patients & Families: % of 5 actions (talk to patients about HIV status, safer sex/condoms; talk to families about stigma & protection in care of PLWA; encourage HIV test) | 5 | 0–100% | |
| B. From Health Worker Observation: | |||
| Universal Precautions Behaviors | Gloves Worn: Whether gloves were worn if appropriate in the observed situations (1 = Yes/0 = No; e.g., examining a sore, starting an IV, working with contaminated linens) | 1 | 0–1 |
| Washed Hands: Whether hands were washed if appropriate in the observed situation (1 = Yes/0 = No; e.g., before examining a patient, after removing gloves, after disposing of trash) | 1 | 0–1 | |
| Teaching | Used Opportunity to Teach if appropriate in interaction (1 = Yes/0 = No) | 1 | 0–1 |
| Interaction | Respectful Interaction: % of 11 appropriate interactions: polite greeting, includes family, respects modesty, privacy, discusses health problem, explains procedure, sensitively asks, elicits feelings, responds to emotions, body language, eye contact | 11 | 0–100% |
| C. Client Satisfaction Survey: | |||
| Teaching | Talk HIV/AIDS: Single items (1 = Yes, at least one topic/0 = No: Did anyone talk to you about: HIV or AIDS; condoms or other ways of preventing HIV; getting an HIV test?) | 1 | 0–1 |
UP = Universal Precautions