A) Schematic of recumbent stepping motion. At 0% of the stride cycle, the left lower limb and right upper limb are at full extension. From 0% to 50% of the stride cycle, the left lower limb and right upper limb are flexing while the right lower limb and left upper limb are extending. At 50% of the stride cycle, the right lower limb and left upper limb are at full extension. From 50% to 100% of the stride cycle, the right lower limb and left upper limb are flexing while the left lower limb and right upper limb are extending. B) Group mean joint angle profiles for the bilateral hip, knee, ankle, and elbow during one stepping cycle. Black solid line: average for all conditions. Dotted grey lines: active lower limb conditions, Resting Upper & Active Lower, Passive Upper & Active Lower, and Active Upper & Active Lower. Dashed grey lines: passive lower limb conditions, Passive Upper & Passive Lower and Active Upper & Passive Lower.