Figure 3.

Right limb data from a single representative subject for the active lower limb conditions, Resting Upper & Active Lower (black), Passive Upper & Active Lower (light grey), Active Upper & Active Lower (dark grey). There was no observable difference in active lower limb muscle activation patterns regardless of the activity in the upper limbs. There was minimal upper limb muscle activation during the resting and passive conditions and increased burst-like activity during the active condition. Boxed halves indicate concentric half of the cycle. The knee joint angle profiles and active pedal forces were similar between the conditions. The Resting Upper & Active Lower and Passive Upper & Active Lower handle forces were minimal while the Active Upper & Active Lower handle forces had a large pushing and pulling force. Dashed lines in the force data is zero force.