Table 1.
Average substrate and hormone concentrations during near-steady states
| 14-h Fast |
42-h Fast |
Refeeding |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nonlactating | Lactating | Nonlactating | Lactating | Nonlactating | Lactating | |
| Glucose, mM | 4.6±0.1 | 4.3±0.1* | 3.6±0.2 | 2.6±0.1† | 5.8±0.3 | 6.7±0.3 |
| Insulin, μU/ml | 5.0±0.6 | 3.8±0.7 | 2.0±0.3 | 2.3±0.5 | 40.8±6.1 | 31.7±4.8 |
| C-peptide, ng /ml | 1.4±0.1 | 1.1±0.1 | 0.6±0.1 | 0.8±0.1 | 6.5±0.7 | 8.4±1.3 |
| Glucagon, pg/ml | 47.7±4.3 | 53.9±4.3 | 70.7±3.3 | 118.6±18.5* | 50.6±7.2 | 57.4±2.7 |
| Lactate, mM | 1.0±0.1 | 0.7±0.0* | 1.1±0.1 | 1.2±0.1 | 1.9±0.2 | 1.0±0.0† |
| β-OH-BT, mM | 0.1±0.1 | 0.3±0.1 | 2.0±0.4 | 4.3±0.4† | 0.1±0.0 | 0.5±0.3 |
| FFA, mM | 0.5±0.1 | 0.7±0.1 | 1.5±0.3 | 2.0±0.2* | 0.2±0.0 | 0.6±0.1† |
| BUN, mg/dl | 11.0±1.0 | 13.0±1.1 | 10.4±0.7 | 14.3±1.1* | 13.2±0.5 | 16.8±0.6† |
| α-KIC, μM | 30.7±1.6 | 33.2±3.1 | 50.9±3.7 | 46.3±7.3 | 47.9±3.1 | 58.5±7.9 |
Values are means ± SE; n = 6 subjects in each group. β-OH-BT, β-hydroxybutyrate; FFA, free fatty acids; BUN, blood urea nitrogen; α-KIC, α-ketoisocaproic acid.
*P (nonpaired) < 0.05;