Official websites use .gov
A
.gov website belongs to an official
government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you've safely
connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive
information only on official, secure websites.
A and B: in vitro effects of vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and TNF-α on the expression of l-type Ca2+ channel α1C subunit and contractility in human colonic circular smooth muscle strips. C: effects of incubation of primary cultures of human colonic circular smooth muscle cells (HCCSMCs) transfected with the hα1C1b promoter-luciferase gene construct with 10−7 M VIP and 20 ng/ml TNF-α. N = 3 or 4 independent experiments, *P < 0.05 vs. control (Ctr). AUC, area under contractions.
