. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Oct 1.

Published in final edited form as: Chem Res Toxicol. 2009 Oct;22(10):1728–1735. doi: 10.1021/tx900238t

Table 3.

Studies of NPYR-DNA adduct formation in laboratory animals

NPYR-DNA adduct	Protocols used	Amounts Reported	Reference
6	rat: 175 or 350 mg/kg NPYR gavage, sac 16h later	Estimated levels: 500 μmol/mol dGuo (175 mg/kg dose) 650 μmol/mol dGuo (350 mg/kg dose)	(18)

	rat: 3.1 mg/kg [3,4-³H] NPYR gavage, sac 16h later	1.2 μmol/mol dGuo	(18)

	rat: 14–900 mg/kg NPYR gavage, sac 12h later	0.1–3 “7-methylGua equivalents”/mol Gua (no units given)	(31)

	rat, mouse, hamster: 900 mg/kg NPYR gavage, sac 12–24h later	liver: 3983 (rat), 9000 (hamster), 9987 (mouse) μmol/mol Gua; kidney and lung – lower	(32)

	rat: 56–900 mg/kg NPYR gavage, sac 1–96h later	adduct levels maximum 12–24h after gavage and dose-responsive in liver, lung, kidney	(32)

	hamster: 225 mg/kg NPYR gavage, sac 12–120h later	adduct levels maximum 24h after treatment in lung and liver; 12h in kidney; declined thereafter. Highest levels in liver, followed by lung/kidney	(32)

5, 6	rat: 450 mg/kg NPYR i.p., sac 16h later	643 μmol/mol Gua adduct 5 vs.1792 μmol/mol Gua adduct 6	(21)

	rat: 450 mg/kg NPYR gavage, sac 24h later	603 μmol/mol Gua adduct 5 vs.1430 μmol/mol Gua adduct 6	(24)

9	rat: 6 mM in drinking water, 14 days, total dose 1 mmol/rat	0.06 μmol/mol Gua	(19)

13 (as 18)	rat: 6 mM NPYR in drinking water, 7 days	3.4 μmol/mol dGuo	(28)

	rat: 2 mM NPYR in drinking water, 28 days	4.8 μmol/mol dGuo	(28)

	rat: 2 mM NPYR in drinking water, 91 days	5.4 μmol/mol dGuo	(28)

14 (as 19)	rat: 6 mM NPYR in drinking water, 7 days	0.02 μmol/mol dGuo	(28)

	rat: 2 mM NPYR in drinking water, 28 days	0.03 μmol/mol dGuo	(28)

	rat: 2 mM NPYR in drinking water, 91 days	0.04 μmol/mol dGuo	(28)

15 (as 20)	rat: 6 mM NPYR in drinking water, 7 days	2.6 μmol/mol dGuo	(28)

	rat: 2 mM NPYR in drinking water, 28 days	3.9 μmol/mol dGuo	(28)

	rat: 2 mM NPYR in drinking water, 91 days	3.5 μmol/mol dGuo	(28)