Table 3.
Association of Self-reported Quality of Care* with PAM Activation Scores: Ordered Logistic Regression Models for US Born and Foreign Born Latinos with Any Past-year Doctor Visits
| US born | Foreign born† | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio[95% CI] | Significance (P) | Odds ratio[95% CI] | Significance (P) | |
| PAM activation score‡ | 20 [1.6, 247] | 0.02 | 3.9 [1.3, 11] | 0.02 |
| Male | 1.3 [0.6, 2.5] | 0.5 | 0.9 [0.6, 1.4] | 0.6 |
| Female | 1 | 1 | ||
| Age (years) | ||||
| 18–29 | 0.5 [0.2, 1.3] | 0.2 | 0.5 [0.3, 1.0] | 0.05 |
| 30–49 | 1 | 1 | ||
| 50–64 | 0.9 [0.4, 2.4] | 0.9 | 1.0 [0.6, 1.7] | 0.9 |
| ≥65 | 1.4 [0.5, 4.4] | 0.9 | 1.5 [0.8, 3.1] | 0.2 |
| (Test of any difference) | 0.3 | 0.1 | ||
| Education | ||||
| 0–8 years | 0.1 [0.0, 0.4] | 0.001 | 0.8 [0.5, 1.4] | 0.4 |
| 9–11 years | 1.2 [0.3, 4.5] | 0.8 | 1.5 [0.8, 2.7] | 0.2 |
| High school graduate | 1 | 1 | ||
| Some college | 1.0 [0.4, 2.4] | 1.0 | 1.0 [0.4, 2.1] | 0.9 |
| College degree or more | 1.0 [0.3, 2.9] | 0.9 | 1.5 [0.7, 3.4] | 0.3 |
| (Test of any difference) | 0.01 | 0.4 | ||
| Household income | ||||
| $0–14,999 | 3.7 [1.0, 14] | 0.05 | 1.3 [0.7, 2.3] | 0.4 |
| $15,000–24,999 | 6.7 [1.6, 29] | 0.01 | 0.9 [0.5, 1.6] | 0.7 |
| $25,000–34,999 | 1 | 1 | ||
| $35,000–59,999 | 2.5 [0.8, 7.6] | 0.1 | 0.7 [0.3, 1.4] | 0.3 |
| ≥$60,000 | 2.4 [0.7, 8.8] | 0.2 | 0.9 [0.3, 2.8] | 0.9 |
| (Test of any difference) | 0.1 | 0.4 | ||
| Foreign born: time in US (years) | ||||
| 0–5 | 1.4 [0.7, 2.7] | 0.3 | ||
| 6–15 | 1.2 [0.7, 2.0] | 0.5 | ||
| ≥16 | 1 | |||
| (Test of any difference) | 0.6 | |||
| Language of interview | ||||
| Spanish or mostly Spanish | 3.2 [1.1, 9.7] | 0.04 | 0.9 [0.3, 2.4] | 0.8 |
| English or mix of English and Spanish | 1 | 1 | ||
| Verbal language proficiency§ | ||||
| Spanish better or bilingual | 2.2 [1.0, 4.8] | 0.04 | ||
| English better | 1 | |||
| English better or bilingual | 0.9 [0.4, 2.0] | 0.8 | ||
| Spanish better | 1 | |||
| English reading proficiency║ | ||||
| Very good or pretty good | 1.0 [0.6, 1.9] | 0.9 | ||
| Just a little or not at all | 1 | |||
| Health insurance | 4.5 [1.5, 14] | 0.009 | 1.9 [1.2, 3.1] | 0.01 |
| Self–reported health status | ||||
| Excellent | 0.5 [0.1, 2.1] | 0.3 | 3.3 [1.1, 9.7] | 0.03 |
| Very good | 1.8 [0.6, 5.6] | 0.3 | 1.5 [0.8, 2.7] | 0.2 |
| Good | 1 | 1 | ||
| Fair | 1.0 [0.2, 4.2] | 1.0 | 0.6 [0.4, 0.9] | 0.02 |
| Poor | 0.2 [0.0, 1.3] | 0.09 | 0.4 [0.2, 1.1] | 0.09 |
| (Test of any difference) | 0.05 | 0.002 | ||
| Health care information from TV | ||||
| A lot | 0.4 [0.1, 0.9] | 0.04 | 1.4 [0.8, 2.6] | 0.2 |
| A little | 0.6 [0.2, 1.5] | 0.3 | 1.2 [0.7, 2.0] | 0.6 |
| None at all | 1 | 1 | ||
| (Test of any difference) | 0.1 | 0.5 | ||
*Exact ones in table indicate reference category
†Foreign born includes US citizens who were born on the island of Puerto Rico
‡PAM activation scores were scaled to have an observed range of 0 to 1 so odds ratio represents ratio of a person with maximum PAM score to a person with minimum PAM score; seeMethods
§Different verbal language proficiency terms fit for the US born than for the foreign born because of cell sizes. For the US born, terms fit for Spanish better plus bilingual combined versus English better. For the foreign born, terms fit for English better plus bilingual combined versus Spanish better. Also see the third footnote to Table 1
║Only included in model for foreign born Latinos because of inadequate cell sizes for US born Latinos. Also see the fourth footnote to Table 1