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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Feb 1.
Published in final edited form as: Heart Rhythm. 2008 Nov 8;6(2):251–259. doi: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2008.11.008

Figure 1. HF increases the susceptibility to APD-ALT.

Figure 1

Summary data for all Vm optical mapping experiments demonstrating the HR-alternans relationship from normal and HF hearts (each n=8). In HF, more APD-ALT is observed at each HR tested and HF produced a profound left-ward shift in APD-ALT to HR relationship, depicted by the arrow showing the shift to slower threshold HRs (depicted by the blue shading) when APD-ALT was first detected (red dashed lines). These data demonstrate that HF preparations have greater susceptibility to alternans. In addition, there is transmural heterogeneity in susceptibility to APD-ALT, with ENDO and MID cells exhibiting more APD-ALT relative to EPI cells in both normal and HF.