Table 1.
Participant characteristics in relation to infection with HIV and/or chronic hepatitis C (HCV) infection, mean (SE)
| Group 1 HIV and HCV | Group 2 HIV alone | Group 3HCV alone | Group 4Uninfected controls | p value a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number | 79 | 62 | 50 | 109 | |
| Male (%)b | 64 (81) | 34 (54) | 44 (88) | 59 (54) | |
| Age, years | 42 (7) | 40 (9) | 37 (9) | 37 (11) | 0.010 |
| Smoker (%) | 61 (77) | 31 (50) | 49 (98) | 63 (58) | <0.0001 |
| Alcohol ≥ 1 drink/d | 2 (2.5) | 0 (0) | 7 (14) | 5 (5) | 0.006 |
| BMI, kg m−2 | 26.8 (3.7) | 28.1 (8.0) | 26.1 (4.4) | 29.1 (6.0) | 0.006 |
| Fat-free mass, kg in men | 60 (7.4) | 57 (7.5) | 59 (7.4) | 60 (9) | 0.20 |
| Fat-free mass, kg in women | 43 (5) | 44 (10) | 46 (5) | 46 (7) | 0.52 |
| Body fat, % in men | 23 (7) | 21 (9) | 23 (8) | 25 (8) | 0.056 |
| Body fat, % in women | 36 (6) | 38 (11) | 32 (8) | 36 (10) | 0.54 |
| Diabetes (%)c | 4 (5) | 7 (11) | 1 (2) | 2 (2) | 0.24 |
| Estimated years with HCV | 23 (10) | NA | 16 (11) | NA | 0.0013 |
| ALTd, units/L | 44 (29, 68) | 26 (20, 33) | 41 (29, 80) | 21 (18, 32) | <0.0001 |
| C-reactive protein, mg/Le | 2.1 (0.6, 4.5) | 2.5 (0.9, 6.0) | 3.0 (0.8, 5.2) | 2.1 (0.8, 4.9) | 0.63 |
| Cholesterol, mg/dl | 158 (44) | 179 (44) | 163 (36) | 185 (161, 220) | <0.0001 |
| Vitamin A from food, ug/de | 975 (632, 1415) | 925 (545, 1341) | 927 (612, 1475) | 981 (623, 1687) | 0.76 |
| Vitamin E from food, IU/de | 12 (8, 17) | 10 (7, 15) | 11 (6, 17) | 12 (8, 17) | 0.19 |
| Carotenoids from food, ug/de | 11583 (7402, 17767) | 9062 (6093, 17856) | 10093 (6544, 13570) | 11912 (7463, 18815) | 0.10 |
| Selenium from food, ug/de | 119 (79, 166) | 86 (69, 120) | 109 (88, 151) | 121 (84, 178) | 0.034 |
| Supplement use (%) | 32 (41) | 27 (44) | 13 (26) | 30 (28) | 0.058 |
| HIV+ only | |||||
| Years with HIV | 11 (5) | 9 (4) | NA | NA | 0.0027 |
| AIDS (%) | 23 (29) | 11 (18) | NA | NA | 0.12 |
| CD4 count, cells/ul | 376 (253) | 438 (280) | NA | NA | 0.17 |
| CD4 <200 cells/ul (%) | 19 (24) | 12 (20) | NA | NA | 0.54 |
| Viral load (log 10 units) | 3.3 (1.2) | 3.3 (1.2) | NA | NA | 0.89 |
| HAART use (%) | 41 (52) | 40 (63) | --- | --- | 0.13 |
BMI, body mass index; HAART: highly active antiretroviral therapy; NA, not applicable
a
P value for difference in proportions by Chi square or Fisher’s exact test or F test for continuous variables.
b
ND: statistical testing not done as differences were a function of the recruitment strategies
c
Data do not include 64 healthy control participants
d
ALT: alanine amino transferase
e
Median (25th, 75th percentiles)