Table 2.
Micronutrient status in relation to infection with HIV and/or chronic hepatitis C (HCV)
| HIV and HCV | HIV alone | HCV alone | Healthya | p valueb | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number in group | 79 | 62 | 50 | 64 | |
| Retinol, ug/dlc | 41 (31, 51) | 51 (43, 60) | 38 (30, 45) | 44 (42, 54) | --- |
| Retinol < 30 ug/dl (%) | 17 (22) | 1 (3) | 13 (26) | 2 (3) | <0.0001 |
| Alpha tocopherol, ug/dlc, d | 832 (549, 1025) | 906 (739, 1293) | 610 (560, 820) | 743 (605, 921) | --- |
| Alpha tocopherol <500 ug/dl (%)d | 12 (15) | 3 (5) | 8 (16) | 5 (8) | 0.12 |
| Carotenoids, ug/dlc, d | 59 (39, 87) | 88 (67, 121) | 65 (45, 91) | 104 (76, 135) | --- |
| Carotenoids < 29.5e, d ug/dl (%) | 11 (14) | 3 (5) | 5 (10) | 0 (0) | 0.0042 |
| Selenium, ug/lc | 95 (84, 109) | 102 (95, 111) | 101 (91, 118) | 109 (98, 124) | --- |
| Selenium < 85 ug/l (%) | 22 (28) | 4 (6) | 9 (18) | 6 (9) | 0.0024 |
a
HIV-uninfected drug users without chronic hepatitis were not included (n=45)
b
Fisher’s exact test for differences in proportions (--- indicates no statistical tests done)
c
Median (25th, 75th percentile)
d
Alpha tocopherol and carotenoid values not adjusted for lipids.
e
29.5 ug/dl is the 5th percentile for the US general population level of serum carotenoids from NHANES III survey 1988–1994.