Table II.
Variable | M | SD | Range | Maximum range |
2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Neighborhood structure | ||||||||||||||||||
1. Residential instability (N = 440) | 0.05 | 1.59 | −4.06–5.63 | .47** | −.01 | .08 | .10 | −.18** | .01 | .25** | −.20** | −.04 | .03 | .32** | .17** | .27** | .15* | |
2. Structural disadvantage (N = 440) | −0.16 | 3.56 | −3.65–14.57 | −.61** | .00 | .09 | −.22** | −.04 | .41** | −.49** | .02 | −.02 | .69** | .31** | .38** | .25** | ||
3. Concentrated affluence (N = 440) | 0.46 | 2.99 | −4.34–8.10 | .01 | −.05 | .19** | .07 | −.29** | .53** | −.03 | .08 | −.39** | −.19** | −.27** | −.26** | |||
Parenting processes | ||||||||||||||||||
4. Avg. hours unsuperviseda (N = 404) | 0.70 | 0.68 | 0–3.00 | 0–3 | .50** | −.19** | −.11 | .06 | .13 | −.01 | .13* | −.04 | .01 | .11 | .12 | |||
5. Avg. hours unsupervised in communitya (N = 404) | 0.20 | 0.38 | 0–2.63 | 0–3 | −.22** | −.07 | .01 | −.06 | .00 | .11 | .04 | .13 | .23** | .22** | ||||
6. Parental monitoringa (N = 424) | 4.60 | 0.37 | 3–5 | 1–5 | .20** | −.25** | .22** | .00 | −.13** | −.27** | −.26** | −.36** | −.35** | |||||
7. Positive involvementb (N = 393) | 3.60 | 0.67 | 1.60–5 | 1–5 | −.12 | .10 | −.03 | −.02 | −.04 | .01 | −.09 | −.14* | ||||||
Family structure/individual characteristics | ||||||||||||||||||
8. Single parent statusa,c (N = 440) | 0.29 | 0–1 | 0–1 | −.32** | −.32** | .01 | .40** | .22** | .32** | .28** | ||||||||
9. Socioeconomic statusd (N = 440) | 39.15 | 12.81 | 11–66 | 8–66 | −.07 | .07 | −.41** | −.29** | −.34** | −.30** | ||||||||
10. Household sizea (N = 440) | 4.16 | 1.12 | 2–9 | −.06 | .08 | .06 | −.01 | .00 | ||||||||||
11. Male genderc (N = 440) | 0.49 | 0–1 | 0–1 | −.03 | .15** | .13** | .14** | |||||||||||
12. African American ethnicityc (N = 440) | 0.15 | 0–1 | 0–1 | .36** | .36** | .24** | ||||||||||||
TRF externalizing behavior | ||||||||||||||||||
13. Age 11 (N = 416) | 7.14 | 10.71 | 0–57 | 0–68 | .51** | .45** | ||||||||||||
14. Age 12 (N = 395) | 6.71 | 9.98 | 0–53 | 0–68 | .53** | |||||||||||||
15. Age 13 (N = 373) | 7.94 | 11.74 | 0–57 | 0–68 |
Measured at age 11.
Measured at age 12.
Dichotomous variables; means represent proportions of participants.
Measured at ages 11–13 (average).
p < .01.
p < .001 (two-tailed).