Table II.

Descriptive Statistics and Correlations Among Variables

Variable	M	SD	Range	Maximum range	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15
Neighborhood structure
1. Residential instability (N = 440)	0.05	1.59	−4.06–5.63		.47**	−.01	.08	.10	−.18**	.01	.25**	−.20**	−.04	.03	.32**	.17**	.27**	.15*
2. Structural disadvantage (N = 440)	−0.16	3.56	−3.65–14.57			−.61**	.00	.09	−.22**	−.04	.41**	−.49**	.02	−.02	.69**	.31**	.38**	.25**
3. Concentrated affluence (N = 440)	0.46	2.99	−4.34–8.10				.01	−.05	.19**	.07	−.29**	.53**	−.03	.08	−.39**	−.19**	−.27**	−.26**
Parenting processes
4. Avg. hours unsuperviseda (N = 404)	0.70	0.68	0–3.00	0–3				.50**	−.19**	−.11	.06	.13	−.01	.13*	−.04	.01	.11	.12
5. Avg. hours unsupervised in communitya (N = 404)	0.20	0.38	0–2.63	0–3					−.22**	−.07	.01	−.06	.00	.11	.04	.13	.23**	.22**
6. Parental monitoringa (N = 424)	4.60	0.37	3–5	1–5						.20**	−.25**	.22**	.00	−.13**	−.27**	−.26**	−.36**	−.35**
7. Positive involvementb (N = 393)	3.60	0.67	1.60–5	1–5							−.12	.10	−.03	−.02	−.04	.01	−.09	−.14*
Family structure/individual characteristics
8. Single parent statusa,c (N = 440)	0.29		0–1	0–1								−.32**	−.32**	.01	.40**	.22**	.32**	.28**
9. Socioeconomic statusd (N = 440)	39.15	12.81	11–66	8–66									−.07	.07	−.41**	−.29**	−.34**	−.30**
10. Household sizea (N = 440)	4.16	1.12	2–9											−.06	.08	.06	−.01	.00
11. Male genderc (N = 440)	0.49		0–1	0–1											−.03	.15**	.13**	.14**
12. African American ethnicityc (N = 440)	0.15		0–1	0–1												.36**	.36**	.24**
TRF externalizing behavior
13. Age 11 (N = 416)	7.14	10.71	0–57	0–68													.51**	.45**
14. Age 12 (N = 395)	6.71	9.98	0–53	0–68														.53**
15. Age 13 (N = 373)	7.94	11.74	0–57	0–68

^aMeasured at age 11.

^bMeasured at age 12.

^cDichotomous variables; means represent proportions of participants.

^dMeasured at ages 11–13 (average).

^*p < .01.

^**p < .001 (two-tailed).