TABLE 4.
Predictors of Perfect Self-report Adherence During Pregnancy and at all Postpartum Visits: Univariate Models
| Perfect Adherence* |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| During Pregnancy |
Week 48 |
|||||||
| Category | Covariate (Overall P)† | Levels | % | N | % | N | OR (95% CI) | Wald P‡ |
| Demographics | Age (yrs) (0.22) | ≤21 | 64 | 63 | 40 | 5 | 0.63 (0.38 to 1.05) | 0.08 |
| 21-30 | 78 | 220 | 62 | 26 | 0.95 (0.67 to 1.35) | 0.77 | ||
| ≥30 | 75 | 162 | 57 | 33 | Reference | - | ||
| Race/ethnicity (0.19) | Black non-Hispanic | 73 | 252 | 57 | 30 | 1.00 (0.61 to 1.64) | 0.99 | |
| Hispanic | 81 | 126 | 71 | 28 | 1.38 (0.81 to 2.34) | 0.24 | ||
| White/other | 70 | 67 | 83 | 6 | Reference | - | ||
| Education level (0.02) | Beyond high school | 78 | 255 | 75 | 40 | 1.47 (1.06 to 2.02) | 0.02 | |
| ≤11th grade | 71 | 187 | 50 | 24 | Reference | - | ||
| HIV/pregnancy: Is this essential here? | Perinatally infected? (0.17) | No | 76 | 430 | 66 | 64 | 2.07 (0.85 to 5.02) | 0.11 |
| Yes | 54 | 13 | - | 0 | Reference | - | ||
| Years since learning HIV+ to delivery (0.68) | 0-5 | 74 | 270 | 65 | 40 | 1.25 (0.77 to 2.04) | 0.37 | |
| 6-10 | 78 | 94 | 57 | 14 | 1.20 (0.69 to 2.08) | 0.53 | ||
| >10 | 67 | 55 | 80 | 10 | Reference | - | ||
| Characteristics of ARV regimen | Use of ARVs before current pregnancy (0.03) | No | 79 | 174 | 75 | 20 | 1.46 (1.05 to 2.02) | 0.03 |
| Yes | 73 | 269 | 63 | 43 | Reference | - | ||
| PI-containing regimen (0.62) | No | 73 | 173 | 66 | 29 | 1.08 (0.79 to 1.49) | 0.62 | |
| Yes | 76 | 272 | 66 | 35 | Reference | - | ||
| No. pills/dose (0.47) | ≤4 | 74 | 180 | 68 | 31 | 1.12 (0.82 to 1.54) | 0.47 | |
| >4 | 76 | 265 | 64 | 33 | Reference | - | ||
| Meal restrictions? (0.67) | No | 74 | 170 | 66 | 29 | 1.07 (0.78 to 1.48) | 0.67 | |
| Yes | 76 | 275 | 66 | 35 | Reference | - | ||
| HIV disease status | CDC disease category (0.02) | A/B | 77 | 388 | 68 | 53 | 1.88 (1.15 to 3.07) | 0.01 |
| C | 67 | 55 | 55 | 11 | Reference | - | ||
| Attitude to ARVs | ARVs make mother healthier (0.37) | Agree | 74 | 383 | 66 | 53 | 0.75 (0.39 to 1.46) | 0.39 |
| Disagree | 79 | 19 | 71 | 7 | Reference | - | ||
| ARVs not taken properly will not work as well (0.21) | Agree | 74 | 387 | 65 | 54 | 0.69 (0.38 to 1.27) | 0.24 | |
| Disagree | 79 | 33 | 80 | 5 | Reference | - | ||
| Have good understanding of HIV (0.72) | Agree | 75 | 414 | 65 | 54 | 1.13 (0.59 to 2.18) | 0.71 | |
| Disagree | 64 | 22 | 83 | 6 | Reference | - | ||
| Have good understanding of how ARVs work (0.16) | Agree | 75 | 415 | 63 | 54 | 0.61 (0.28 to 1.31) | 0.20 | |
| Disagree | 64 | 22 | 100 | 5 | Reference | - | ||
| Social support | Friends/family are supportive (0.96) | Agree | 75 | 341 | 61 | 46 | 1.01 (0.63 to 1.64) | 0.96 |
| Disagree | 71 | 41 | 88 | 8 | Reference | - | ||
| Partner is supportive (0.60) | Agree | 76 | 318 | 70 | 40 | 1.13 (0.71 to 1.82) | 0.60 | |
| Disagree | 62 | 53 | 67 | 6 | Reference | - | ||
| Friends/family help take ARVs (0.28) | Agree | 75 | 211 | 61 | 31 | 0.82 (0.58 to 1.17) | 0.28 | |
| Disagree | 71 | 122 | 75 | 12 | Reference | - | ||
| Factors associated with depression | Have trouble with attention (0.35) | All/most of the time | 78 | 23 | 50 | 2 | 0.74 (0.41 to 1.35) | 0.33 |
| Never/some of the time | 75 | 408 | 66 | 62 | Reference | - | ||
| Feel calm and peaceful (0.05) | All/most | 80 | 225 | 67 | 33 | 1.35 (1.00 to 1.80) | 0.05 | |
| Never/some | 71 | 204 | 65 | 31 | Reference | - | ||
| Feel downhearted and blue (0.48) | All/most | 73 | 33 | 60 | 5 | 0.82 (0.48 to 1.40) | 0.47 | |
| Never/some | 76 | 397 | 66 | 59 | Reference | - | ||
| Feel tired (0.01) | All/most | 71 | 128 | 80 | 10 | 0.63 (0.44 to 0.91) | 0.01 | |
| Never/some | 77 | 301 | 62 | 53 | Reference | - | ||
| Had enough energy (0.01) | All/most | 79 | 199 | 74 | 35 | 1.45 (1.09 to 1.92) | 0.01 | |
| Never/some | 72 | 232 | 55 | 29 | Reference | - | ||
| Have been happy (0.01) | All/most | 80 | 257 | 71 | 38 | 1.51 (1.13 to 2.01) | 0.01 | |
| Never/some | 68 | 174 | 58 | 26 | Reference | - | ||
| Substance use (either during pregnancy or up to 6-, 24-, or 48-wk follow-up) | Smoking (0.58) | No | 75 | 311 | 63 | 38 | 1.10 (0.78 to 1.55) | 0.58 |
| Yes | 74 | 97 | 70 | 20 | Reference | - | ||
| Alcohol (0.02) | No | 77 | 286 | 46 | 11 | 1.50 (1.08 to 2.10) | 0.02 | |
| Yes | 71 | 130 | 71 | 48 | Reference | - | ||
| Marijuana (<0.01) | No | 80 | 272 | 68 | 41 | 1.76 (1.23 to 2.51) | <0.01 | |
| Yes | 67 | 147 | 61 | 18 | Reference | - | ||
| Cocaine (0.97) | No | 76 | 351 | 65 | 49 | 1.01 (0.63 to 1.62) | 0.97 | |
| Yes | 72 | 64 | 70 | 10 | Reference | - | ||
| Any illicit drug use (0.51) | No | 74 | 332 | 65 | 46 | 0.87 (0.57 to 1.32) | 0.51 | |
| Yes | 77 | 85 | 69 | 13 | Reference | - | ||
OR, odds ratio; CDC, Center for Disease Control.
*
Raw percentages of participants with perfect adherence during pregnancy and at week 48.
†
Overall significance of covariate.
‡
Significance of odds ratio for each level of covariate relative to reference level.