Table 3.

Biological Markers Found To Increase With Protective Ventilation in Clinical Studies but Not Confirmed or Reported in Experimental Studies^*

Biological Marker	Sample Source	Clinical Outcomes Studied	References
IL-1Ra	BAL	Mortality VFD NOF Oxygenation	2, 3, 5
sTNFR1	Plasma, BAL	Mortality VFD OFFD	2, 3, 41
sTNFR2	Plasma, BAL	Mortality VFD OFFD	2, 3†
SP-D	Plasma	Mortality VFD OFFD	42

^*See Table 2 for expansion of abbreviations.

^†Not confirmed in Ye et al.⁹