. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Oct 20.

Published in final edited form as: Psychosomatics. 2006 Mar–Apr;47(2):136–142. doi: 10.1176/appi.psy.47.2.136

TABLE 3.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Symptom Categories and Amount of Analgesic Usage

	Categories of Pain Medication Used			Analysis
	0 (N = 72)	1 (N = 54)	2 (N = 47)	F	p
Posttraumatic Symptom Scale (PSS) score
Overall	15.1 (14.5) ^a	16.9 (13.1) ^a	24.7 (15.2) ^b	6.63	0.002
Intrusive	3.8 (4.2) ^a	4.1 (3.8) ^a	6.3 (4.3) ^b	5.89	0.003
Avoidance	7.0 (6.7) ^a	7.7 (6.6) ^a	10.7 (7.0) ^b	4.34	0.014
Hyperarousal	4.4 (4.6) ^a	5.2 (4.4) ^a	7.7 (5.1) ^b	7.40	0.001
Number of symptoms
Intrusive	1.8 (1.8) ^a	2.0 (1.7) ^a	2.9 (1.8) ^b	5.55	0.005
Avoidance	2.5 (2.2) ^a	2.7 (2.0) ^a	3.7 (2.2) ^b	4.41	0.014
Hyperarousal	1.9 (1.9) ^a	2.4 (1.9) ^a	3.2 (1.8) ^b	5.88	0.003

Note: Data are mean (standard deviation), unless otherwise indicated. Total N = 173. Means with different superscripts are significantly different (p<0.05).