Table 1.

Multinomial logit regression results

Independent variables	Marg. effect	Std. error	z-value	Prob.> z
Overused forest commons: Low carbon and low livelihoods
Forest size	−0.125	0.0503	−2.48	0.013
Ownership	−0.0323	0.1422	−0.23	0.820
Autonomy	−0.2218	0.1134	−1.96	0.050
Distance	−0.0751	0.1148	−0.65	0.513
Admin.	−0.0037	0.0039	−0.93	0.351
Unsustainable forest commons: Low carbon and high livelihoods
Forest size	0.037	0.0562	0.66	0.510
Ownership	0.4073	0.1203	3.39	0.001
Autonomy	−0.0659	0.1347	−0.49	0.625
Distance	−0.1288	0.125	−1.03	0.303
Admin.	0.0002	0.0026	0.09	0.931
Deferred use forest commons: High carbon and low livelihoods
Forest size	−0.0622	0.037	−1.68	0.093
Ownership	−0.4577	0.1688	−2.71	0.007
Autonomy	0.0706	0.0888	0.80	0.426
Distance	0.3085	0.1017	3.03	0.002
Admin.	0.0034	0.0016	2.08	0.037
Sustainable forest commons: High carbon and high livelihoods
Forest size	0.1501	0.0418	3.59	0.000
Ownership	0.0827	0.0893	0.93	0.354
Autonomy	0.217	0.1096	1.98	0.048
Distance	−0.1045	0.0828	−1.26	0.207
Admin.	0.00006	0.0012	0.05	0.958

Dependent variable = forest commons outcomes. Number of observations = 80; likelihood ratio χ ²(15) = 56.74; Prob. > χ ² = 0.0000; pseudo R² = 0.2580. ″Forest size″ = log of forest size (hectares); ″ownership″ = ownership of forest commons, community ownership = 0, government ownership = 1; autonomy, local autonomy in making rules, no = 0, yes = 1; distance, distance of local users to the forest commons, <5 km = 1, 5–10 km = 2, >10 km = 3; Admin., distance to nearest administrative center (in kilometers). Bold font indicates statistically significant associations (P < 0.05).