Table 1.
Differences in Baseline, Pharmacologic and Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test Characteristics According to Heart Failure Etiology and Body Mass Index
| Ischemic Heart Failure | Non-Ischemic Heart Failure | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal Weight (n=164) |
Overweight (n=216) |
Obese (n=144) |
Normal Weight (n=156) |
Overweight (n=213) |
Obese (n=267) |
|
| Baseline Characteristics | ||||||
| Age (years)* | 64.4 ±10.4 | 62.3 ±10.0 | 58.8 ±9.4 | 56.6 ±17.0 | 55.4 ±14.1 | 52.4 ±14.0 |
| Percent Male£ | 76 (%) | 89 (%) | 87 (%) | 60 (%) | 67 (%) | 59 (%) |
|
Body Mass Index (kg/m2)€ |
22.9 ±1.6 | 27.3 ±1.5 | 33.8 ±3.5 | 22.1 ±1.8 | 27.3 ±1.4 | 35.7 ±5.2 |
|
Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction |
31.9 ±12.6 (%) | 33.4 ±12.4 (%) | 30.6 ±10.7 (%) | 31.0 ±14.1 (%) | 32.3 ±15.5 (%) | 32.8 ±15.6 (%) |
|
New York Heart Association Class |
2.2 ±0.73 | 2.2 ±0.79 | 2.4 ±0.83 | 2.4 ±0.80 | 2.3 ±0.83 | 2.4 ±0.82 |
| Pharmacologic Management | ||||||
| Beta Blockerλ | 61 (%) | 65 (%) | 70 (%) | 58 (%) | 67 (%) | 69 (%) |
|
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor |
74 (%) | 70 (%) | 76 (%) | 77 (%) | 73 (%) | 71 (%) |
| Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test Response | ||||||
|
Peak oxygen consumption (mlO2•kg−1•min−1) |
15.4 ±5.3 | 15.6 ±5.9 | 15.1 ±6.0 | 15.7 ±6.4 | 16.1 ±5.2 | 14.8 ±5.6 |
|
Peak oxygen consumption (L/min)γ |
0.97 ±0.54 | 1.09 ±0.65 | 1.28 ±0.78 | 1.00 ±0.65 | 1.21 ±0.53 | 1.40 ±0.72 |
|
Peak Respiratory Exchange RatioΩ |
1.07 ±0.15 | 1.10 ±0.17 | 1.09 ±0.14 | 1.07 ±0.15 | 1.10 ±0.14 | 1.07 ±0.13 |
|
Minute Ventilation /Carbon Dioxide Production slopeβ |
38.0 ±11.0 | 35.0 ±8.6 | 34.2 ±9.3 | 37.6 ±9.7 | 34.8 ±7.8 | 33.7 ±8.8 |
a: Ischemic HF group significantly older than non-ischemic group (p<0.001).
b: Obese subjects significantly younger than normal and overweight subjects (p<0.001).
a: Normal Weight Ischemic Heart Failure: male percentage significantly lower than other ischemic heart failure groups and significantly higher than all non-ischemic heart failure groups (p<0.01).
b: Overweight and Obese Ischemic Heart Failure: male percentage significantly greater than all other groups (p<0.001)
c: Overweight Non-Ischemic Heart Failure: male percentage significantly greater than normal weight and obese ischemic heart failure (p<0.05)
a: BMI significantly different amongst normal weight, overweight and obese groups (p<0.05)
b: BMI significantly higher in non-ischemic HF group (p<0.001)
c: Significant interaction between HF etiology and body weight: BMI of non-ischemic obese subjects significantly greater than ischemic obese subjects (p<0.05)
a: Percent of normal weight ischemic and non-ischemic HF groups prescribed a beta-blocker significantly less than non-ischemic overweight and ischemic and non-ischemic obese subjects (p<0.05)
a: Absolute peak VO2 significantly different amongst all three BMI groups (p<0.01)
b: Absolute peak VO2 significantly higher in non-ischemic HF compared to ischemic HF group (p<0.05)
a: Overweight subjects: Significantly higher peak RER than normal weight and obese subjects (p<0.05)
a: Normal weight subjects: Significantly higher VE/VCO2 slope compared to overweight and obese subjects (p<0.001)