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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Sep 25.
Published in final edited form as: Circ Res. 2009 Aug 13;105(7):631–638. doi: 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.109.198465

Figure 6. Schematic of titin-based passive stiffness tuning-mechanisms.

Figure 6

Differential splicing gives rise to isoforms of distinct stiffness. During postnatal development (Devel) passive stiffness increases due to switching of fetal cardiac titin (FCT) to adult N2B and N2BA isoforms; hypothyroidism (HT) and dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) alters splicing in the opposite direction. PKA and PKG phosphorylation reduces passive stiffness and PKC phosphorylation is a novel pathway that increases passive stiffness.