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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2009 Oct 21.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Neurosci. 2008 Jun 15;11(7):752–753. doi: 10.1038/nn.2139

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Anxiolytic- and antidepressant-like effects of ghrelin signaling. (a–d) Calorie restriction (CR) induced an anxiolytic-like effect in the EPM (*P < 0.02, a) and an antidepressant-like effect in the FST in wild-type, but not Ghsr−/−, mice (latency to immobility, *P < 0.002; total immobility, *P < 0.02; c). Wild type ad lib indicates wild-type mice fed ad libitum. Administration of ghrelin (2 µg per g of body weight subcutaneously), but not saline, produced an anxiolytic-like effect in the EPM (*P < 0.05; b) and an antidepressant-like effect in the FST in wild-type mice 45 min after injection (latency to immobility, *P < 0.04; total immobility, *P < 0.0002; d). (e) The ghrelin-induced antidepressant-like effect that we observed in wild-type mice in the FST was absent in orexin-deficient (Hcrt−/−) mice (n = 5 for both wild-type groups, n = 6 for the saline-treated Hcrt−/− group, n = 7 for the ghrelin-treated Hcrt−/− group). (f) Food intake responses of Ghsr−/− and wild-type littermates following subcutaneous administration of ghrelin (2 µg per g) or saline in a crossover fashion at 10–11 weeks of age and again 1 month later. Statistically significant differences between food intake of ghrelin-injected wild-type mice and that of similarly treated Ghsr−/− littermates and littermates treated with saline are indicated (*P < 0.001, n = 6 per group). Data are mean ± s.e.m. See Supplementary Methods online for detailed methods.