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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2010 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Trends Biochem Sci. 2009 Sep 7;34(10):483–490. doi: 10.1016/j.tibs.2009.06.006

Figure 1. Circadian clocks from organism to mechanism.

Figure 1

Over the last several decades our picture of circadian clocks has spiraled out from a physiological description of clock-controlled activities at the organismal level, through an understanding of clocks as being bound within single cells, to revealing a molecular mechanism that is predominantly constrained within the interplay between positive (+TF) and negative (−F) forces. A clearer picture of the clockworks of these systems is beginning to emerge, showing that many of the processes and components are controlled through post-translational modification.