Table 1.
MODEL CONSTRUCTS |
MIDDLE RANGE THEORETICAL CONCEPTS |
EMPIRICAL INDICATORS |
MEASURES | # OF ITEMS |
RELIABILITY | VALIDITY |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ENVIRONMENTAL STIMULI | Focal (F), Contextual (C), and Residual (R) Stimuli | Chronic Illness (F) | Degree of disability, length of illness, and diagnosis | 5 | N/A | N/A |
Rurality (C) | MSU Rurality Scale (Weinert & Boik, 1995) | 2 | N/A | N/A | ||
Demographics (C) | Standard Demographic Information | 19 | N/A | N/A | ||
Hardiness (C) | Health Related Hardiness Scale(Pollock & Duffy, 1990) | 34 | α = .91 | Convergent | ||
Optimism (R) | Life Orientation Test (Scheier & Carver, 1985) | 12 | α = .76 | Convergent Discriminant | ||
Spirituality (R) | Harrison Spirituality Scale (Harrison, 2002) | 33 | α = .87–.93 | Content | ||
PSYCHOSOCIAL RESPONSE | Psychosocial Adaptation | Social Support | PRQ2000 (Weinert, 2003) | 15 | α = .87–.92 | Construct Divergent |
Social Support | Brief Chronic Illness Resources Survey.(Glasgow, Strycker, Toobert, & Eakin, 2000) | 29 | α = .79 | Convergent | ||
Self-Esteem | Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965) | 10 | α = .77–.88 | Convergent Discriminant | ||
Acceptance | Acceptance of Illness Scale (Stuifbergen et al., 2000) | 14 | α = .83 | Content | ||
Stress | Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen, Kamarck, & Mermelstein, 1983) | 18 | α = .84–.86 | Convergent Discriminant | ||
Depression | CES-D (Radloff, 1977) | 20 | α = .84–.90 | Convergent Discriminant | ||
Loneliness | UCLA Loneliness Scale (Russell,1996) | 20 | α = .94 | Convergent Discriminant | ||
ILLNESS MANAGEMENT | Chronic Self-Management Illness | Self-Efficacy | Chronic Illness Empowerment Scale (Anderson, Fitzgerald, Funnell, & Marrero, 2000) | 10 | α = .96 | Concurrent |
Self-Efficacy | Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease (Lorig, Sobel, Ritter, Laurent, & Hobbs, 2001) | 6 | α = .91 | |||
Forming Partnerships | Communication with Physicians(Lorig et al., 1996) | 3 | α = .73 | |||
Forming Partnerships | Perceived Efficacy in Patient-Physician Interactions Questionnaire (Maly, Frank, Marshall, DiMatteo, & Reuben, 1998) | 10 | α = .91 | Construct | ||
Resource Utilization | Health Information Resources | 11 | ||||
Resource Utilization | Helpfulness of Health Information Resources | 11 | ||||
Resource Utilization | Computer Technology | 5 | ||||
Resource Utilization | Health Care Utilization (Lorig et al., 1996) | 4 | r = .76 – .97 | |||
Quality of Life | QOL | WHOQOL-BREF (WHOQOL Group, 1998) | 26 | α = .64–.87 | Content Discriminant | |
QOL | Quality of Life | 1 | ||||
Happiness | Subjective Happiness Scale (Lyubomirsky & Lepper, 1999) | 4 | α = .79–.94 | Convergent Discriminant |